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廖立

廖立(2世纪—3世纪),字公渊武陵临沅人。东汉末及三国蜀汉官员。

生平

赤壁之战后,刘备自领荆州州牧,并辟廖立为从事,之后廖立未满三十岁时,刘备就擢升他为长沙太守

建安二十年(215年),吕蒙袭取荆州,廖立弃城逃走,奔向益州跟随刘备,刘备因为赏识他,并没有责怪廖立弃城奔蜀,反而任命他为巴郡太守。次年,设立固陵郡,以廖立为太守。建安二十四年(219年),刘备称汉中王,任命廖立为侍中。后主刘禅继位后迁任长水校尉

廖立一直认为自己的才能和名气都应该是诸葛亮第二,但实际上他的地位却在李严等人之下,为此他经常耿耿于怀,向诸葛亮抱怨官位太低,且曾在刘备去世后在其棺材旁斩杀犯人[1]

有一次他向丞相掾李邵蒋琬抱怨先帝刘备用兵失当,每每劳动兵众而无收获;又指关羽只有勇名而无军纪,致使荆州被夺;且称当朝大臣向朗文恭郭攸之都是平凡的人,根本不能担任重任;并批评王连聚敛钱财,令百姓受害。李邵及蒋琬听后将廖立的话告诉诸葛亮,诸葛亮于是上表廖立“诽谤先帝,疪毁群臣”,废他为庶民,流放汶山郡,与妻子和子女在汶山耕种,自给自足。诸葛亮逝世后,廖立垂泪叹道:“吾终为左衽矣!”表示不能回归仕途的绝望。247年,姜维前往汶山郡平叛,途中拜访廖立[2]。最终廖立在汶山逝世。

评价

  • 诸葛亮:“庞统、廖立,楚之良才,当赞兴世业者也。”
  • 姜维:“立意气不衰,言论自若。”
  • 陈寿:“彭羕、廖立以才拔进……览其举措,迹其规矩,招祸取咎,无不自己也。”

参见

  • 《三国志·蜀书·廖立传》

参考

  1. ^ “立本意,自谓才名宜为诸葛亮之贰,而更游散在李严等下,常怀怏怏...侍梓宫则挟刃断人头于梓宫之侧...面语臣曰:‘我何宜在诸将军中!不表我为卿,上当在五校!’臣答:‘将军者,随大比耳。至于卿者,正方亦未为卿也。且宜处五校。’”见陈寿著,〈蜀书·刘彭廖李刘魏杨传第十〉,《三国志》,北京中华书局,1959年,第997页
  2. ^ 《三国志·蜀书·廖立传》:后监军姜维率偏军经汶山,往诣立,称赞廖立“意气不衰,言论自若”。

延伸阅读

[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:三国志/卷40》,出自陈寿三国志
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廖立
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