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刘先 (东汉).
刘先(?年—?年),字始宗,[1]零陵郡人,原刘表帐下别驾。
生平
建安五年(公元200年),袁绍南征曹操,双方先后决战于白马和官渡。此时,袁绍遣人求助于刘表,刘表表示同意,却不肯派援军助战,刘表亦不肯协助曹操,只偏安汉南,欲观天下之变。
从事中郎的韩嵩与别驾刘先就向刘表劝说:“如今豪杰并争,两个雄主相持于官渡,决定天下局势的重任就在于将军。若将军是希望有所作为,就应该乘此机会起事;若不想这么做,就应选择可以跟从的人。将军拥兵十万,却坐观成败,袁绍求援,您不派兵;您也不协助曹操。无论谁胜谁负,都会怨恨而对付将军你的,届时我们就无法保持中立了。我等认为曹操贤明,有多位贤臣俊士归附,必能一举歼灭袁绍,然后就会把兵锋指向我们,恐怕将军到时也无法抵挡。如今之计,不如举荆州之众归附曹操,曹操必定会看重将军的恩德,就能长享福祚,垂之子孙,这才是真正的万全之策啊!”,蒯越等人亦劝刘表,刘表狐疑不决,便派韩嵩晋见曹操,以探其虚实。[2]刘先亦出使许都,曹操责难刘表,刘先之言让曹操无言以对,曹操任其为武陵太守。
建安十三年(公元208年),刘表病亡,其次子刘琮向曹操请降。刘先被任命为尚书,曹魏建国后为尚书令。[3]后事不详。建安二十二年(217年)尚书令为徐奕,未详刘先因何卸任,是否因去世而被取代。
刘先曾派外甥周不疑[4]到刘巴那处学习,但为刘巴所拒。[5]
参考资料
- ^ 《零陵先贤传》:先字始宗。
- ^ 《三国志·刘表传》:从事中郎韩嵩、别驾刘先说表曰:“豪杰并争,两雄相持,天下之重,在于将军。将军若欲有为,起乘其弊可也;若不然,固将择所从。将军拥十万之众,安坐而观望。夫见贤而不能助,请和而不得,此两怨必集于将军,将军不得中立矣。夫以曹公之明哲,天下贤俊皆归之,其势必举袁绍,然后称兵以向江汉,恐将军不能御也。故为将军计者,不若举州以附曹公,曹公必重德将军;长享福祚,垂之后嗣,此万全之策也。”表大将蒯越亦劝表,表狐疑,乃遣嵩诣太祖以观虚实。
- ^ 《零陵先贤传》:荆州平,先始为汉尚书,后为魏国尚书令。
- ^ 《零陵先贤传》:先甥同郡周不疑
- ^ 《零陵先贤传》:刘先(主)欲遣周不疑就巴学,巴答曰:“昔游荆北,时涉师门,记问之学,不足纪名,内无杨朱守静之术,外无墨翟务时之风,犹天之南箕,虚而不用。赐书乃欲令贤甥摧鸾凤之艳,游燕雀之宇,将何以启明之哉?愧于‘有若无,实若虚’,何以堪之!”
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