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麋竺

麋竺(2世纪—221年),字子仲徐州东海(今江苏省连云港市)人,三国时期蜀汉官吏,官至安汉将军,在世时是蜀汉地位及待遇最高的官员。

生平

糜竺出身徐州豪门,先祖世代经营垦殖,养有僮仆、食客近万,家产富裕中,后来徐州州牧陶谦聘请他为别驾从事。

194年,陶谦病死,麋竺奉陶谦遗命,迎接在小沛刘备入主徐州,辅佐刘备,为偏将军。不久,吕布东来投靠刘备,并于196年乘刘备与袁术战争,偷袭下邳,并虏获刘备的妻子,兵败的刘备逃到广陵郡海西县。麋竺特意将妹妹麋氏嫁给刘备,并赠送大量金银与奴仆给刘备。后来曹操想表麋竺为嬴郡太守,其弟麋芳彭城,但兄弟二人都不接受,决意跟随刘备。

刘备兵败给曹操,向南投靠刘表,刘备先遣麋竺与刘表见面,与简雍孙乾同为从事中郎。214年,刘备入主益州,糜竺被拜为安汉将军,地位在军师将军诸葛亮之上,待遇位极蜀汉众臣。因当年资助家产给时局艰困的刘备,此雪中送炭的壮举让所有蜀臣对麋竺的最高待遇都无异议;之后与群臣一起上表力劝刘备称帝。

219年,麋竺弟麋芳在关羽北伐时(樊城之战),叛蜀归吴,害关羽兵败被擒杀。得知弟弟叛变的麋竺羞愧难当,自缚向刘备请罪,刘备反过来安慰他,认为弟之罪兄不该相连,对他礼敬如初。虽然获得刘备谅解也没被为难,但麋竺仍非常自责,长期抑郁使健康状况急转直下,一年多后便去世。

特征

麋竺雍容大方,敦厚文雅,擅长骑马射箭,但并不擅长内政或军事等公务,所以一直担任无实权的闲职。由于曾重金资助刘备且个性好,故刘备一直对他十分礼敬,赏赐优宠,无与为比。

逸闻

  • 根据《搜神记》的记载,说曾遇过火神,并受其指点而免于大火。

家庭

兄弟姊妹

  • 麋芳,麋竺之弟,本与麋竺跟随刘备。后为南郡太守,但他叛蜀归吴,令关羽被擒杀。
  • 麋夫人,麋竺之妹,于刘备落难时,麋竺将她嫁给刘备。

后代

评价

三国志》评曰:“许靖夙有名誉,既以笃厚为称,又以人物为意,虽行事举动,未悉允当,蒋济以为“大较廊庙器”也。麋竺、孙乾、简雍、伊籍,皆雍容风议,见礼于世。秦宓始慕肥遁之高,而无若愚之实。然专对有余,文藻壮美,可谓一时之才士矣。”

曹操表麋竺:“泰山郡界广远,旧多轻悍,权时之宜,可分五县为嬴郡,拣选清廉以为守将。偏将军麋竺,素履忠贞,文武昭烈,请以竺领嬴郡太守,抚慰吏民。”

杨戏的《季汉辅臣赞》中赞麋子仲:“安汉雍容,或婚或宾,见礼当时,是谓循臣。”

影视形象

动漫游戏

参考资料

延伸阅读

[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:三国志·卷38》,出自陈寿三国志
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麋竺
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