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陆云.
陆云(262年—303年),字士龙,吴郡吴县(今江苏苏州)人,西晋文学家,吴丞相陆逊之孙,吴大司马陆抗之子,与其兄陆机合称“二陆”,曾任清河内史,故世称“陆清河”。
生平
陆云六岁即能文,被荐举时十六岁。吴亡,不受重用[1],与其兄隐退故里,十年闭门勤学。[2]期间两人经常来到由拳县郊外的华亭游玩[3]。晋武帝太康十年(289年),陆机和陆云来到京城洛阳。初时由于谈吐有吴国乡音,受时人嘲弄[4],陆氏兄弟不气馁,访太常张华,张华颂之:“伐吴之役,利获二俊。”,并介绍给刘道真,日后二陆名气大振。时有“二陆入洛,三张减价”之说(“三张”指张载、张协和张亢)。[5]
后陆云任吴王司马晏的郎中令,直言敢谏,经常批评吴王弊政,颇受司马晏礼遇,先后曾任尚书郎、侍御史,太子中舍人、中书侍郎、清河内史等职。
兄陆机死于“八王之乱”而被夷三族后,陆云也为之牵连入狱。尽管许多人上疏司马颖请求不要株连陆云,但他最终还是遇害了。时年四十二岁,无子,生有二女。由门生故吏迎葬于清河。
刘勰评价陆云的文风“能布采鲜净,敏于短篇”[6]。《晋书·陆云传》载云“著文章三百四十九篇,又撰《新书》十篇,并行于世”,《隋书·经籍志》亦有《陆云集》十二卷记载,今均佚。明朝人张溥《汉魏六朝百三家集》辑有《陆清河集》。
注释
- ^ 《陆云集》卷一○《与陆典书书》之五称:“吴国初祚,雄俊尤盛。今日虽衰,未皆下华夏也。……愚以东国之士,进无所立,退无所守,明裂眦苦,皆未如意。云之鄙姿,志归丘垄,筚门闺窬之人,敢曦天望之冀?至于绍季礼之遐踪,结鬲肝于中夏,光东州之幽昧,流荣勋于朝野,所谓窥管以瞻天,缘木而求鱼也。”
- ^ 《晋书·陆机传》称其兄弟“退居故里,闭门勤学,积有十年。”《陆云集》卷一○《与戴季甫书》之三说:“江南初平,人物失叙,当赖俊彦,弥缝其阙。”《陆云集》卷一○《与杨彦明书》之三:“阶途尚否,通路今塞,令人罔然。”又之六曰:“东人未复有见叙者,公进屈久,恒为邑罔党。”
- ^ s:世说新语/尤悔注引八王故事:“华亭,吴由拳县郊外墅也,有清泉茂林。吴平后,陆机兄弟共游于此十馀年。”
- ^ 周一良《魏晋南北朝史札记》之“西晋王朝对待吴人条”称:“陆机入洛后,犹自称‘蕞尔小臣,邈彼荒域。’(《皇太子宴玄圃诗》)陆云《答张士然诗》亦有‘感念桑梓域,仿佛眼中人’之句,具见自卑情绪与桑梓之感。”
- ^ 《晋书·夏侯湛张载等传论》:“洎乎二陆入洛,三张减价。”
- ^ 《文心雕龙·才略》
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