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李邈 (三国).
李邈(?—234年),字汉南,益州广汉郪县(今四川三台县)人,三国时期蜀汉官吏,官至犍为太守、丞相参军、安汉将军。[1]因其性格疏狂率直,故不在“李氏三龙”的行列中。[2]
生平
李邈是治中从事李邵的哥哥,东汉末年隶属益州牧刘璋,担任牛鞞长。[3]
建安十九年(214年),刘备夺取益州,领益州牧后,被任命为益州从事。[4][5]任内曾面责刘备本受刘璋之邀来防卫益州,而刘备却夺去刘璋的地盘。刘备问,既然你觉得我不对,为什么不帮刘璋?李邈说,不是不敢,是能力不足。官吏将欲处死,得诸葛亮求情才免死。[6]
很久过后,任犍为太守、丞相参军、安汉将军。[7]在诸葛亮第一次北伐时,李邈亦有随从。后马谡于街亭之战大败,导致北伐功亏一篑,诸葛亮将依军令斩之,李邈上谏劝阻。但因谏言不合诸葛亮的意愿,故被遣返蜀地。[8]
蜀汉建兴十二年(234年),诸葛亮去世,后主刘禅祭祀三日。李邈却上谏称庆,并指出诸葛亮与司马懿一样“狼顾”、“身杖强兵,狼顾虎视”[9]等,刘禅大怒,把他下狱处死。[10]
评价
- 常璩《华阳国志·卷十中》:“汉南哽哽,天夺其守。诜诜彦造,或哲或友。昭德音芳,垂名厥后。”
- 裴松之《三国志注》:“以朝、邵及早亡者为三龙。邈之狂直,不得在此数。”
- 任乃强《华阳国志校补图注》:“《常志》于罪诛者例不赞,《目录》亦不收。惟于彭羕、李邈赞之,意以为冤故也。”
- 王士骐:“邈之免死,亮之力也;而一言失意,直以狼虎目之,邈真险人哉!”[11]
注释
- ^ 《华阳国志.卷十》:“邵兄邈,字汉南。”
- ^ 裴松之《三国志注》:“臣松之案耆旧所记,以朝、邵及早亡者为三龙。邈之狂直,不得在此数。”
- ^ 《华阳国志·卷十》:“邵兄邈,字汉南,刘璋时为牛鞞长。”
- ^ 《三国志·先主传》:先主迁璋于南郡公安,尽归其财物及故佩振威将军印绶。
- ^ 《华阳国志.卷十》:“先主领牧,为从事。”
- ^ 《华阳国志.卷十》:“先主领牧,为从事,正旦命行酒,得进见,让先主曰:‘振威以将军宗室肺腑,委以讨贼,元功未效,先寇而灭;邈以将军之取鄙州,甚为不宜也。’先主曰:‘知其不宜,何以不助之?’邈曰:‘匪不敢也,力不足耳。’有司将杀之,诸葛亮为请,得免。”
- ^ 《华阳国志·卷十》:“久之,为犍为太守、丞相参军、安汉将军。”
- ^ 《华阳国志·卷十》:“建兴六年,亮西征。马谡在前败绩,亮将杀之,邈谏以“秦赦孟明,用伯西戎,楚诛子玉,二世不竞”,失亮意,还蜀。”
- ^ 《华阳国志》卷十中《先贤士女总赞·广汉士女》
- ^ 《华阳国志·卷十》:“十二年,亮卒,后主素服发哀三日,邈上疏曰:“吕禄、霍、禹未必怀反叛之心,孝宣不好为杀臣之君,直以臣惧其偪,主畏其威,故奸萌生。亮身杖强兵,狼顾虎视,五大不在边,臣常危之。今亮殒没,盖宗族得全,西戎静息,大小为庆。”后主怒,下狱诛之。”
- ^ 《诸葛忠武书.卷三》:“王士骐曰:‘邈之免死,亮之力也;而一言失意,直以狼虎目之,邈真险人哉!后主怒而诛之,差强人意。时伟按后主四十年,无可表见者,后世遂以庸懦为嫌。而愚独谓其,量英断,其大有三:宫府内外,悉委丞相,既不中制,又绝嫌猜,一也;及丞相亡殁,三十年不事更张,不设丞相,二也;怒诛李邈,三也。而诛邈更竒,岂特差强人意而已哉?又按邈罪当诛,在后疏耳。如前二语,未为不正也。”
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