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枣祗

zhī(?—196年以后?),颍川郡长社县(今河南省长葛市)人,本姓棘,其先人避仇改姓[1],历任东阿令、羽林监、屯田都尉等职,是屯田制的首倡者之一,对三国初期曹操统一北方贡献巨大。

生平

枣祗最早在历史记载中出现,约始于中平六年(189年)。当时外戚与宦官集团火拼,并州牧董卓拥兵乱政,各地招讨旗纷举,当时已有很大名气的枣祗投到曹操麾下,“共举义兵,周旋征讨”,深得曹操器重。

汉献帝初平三年(192年),曹操占领兖州,自领兖州牧,任命枣祗为东阿令,镇守东阿。枣祗致力于劝课农桑,积谷屯粮,勤修武备,组织操练军民,并将城防工事加固修缮一新。兴平二年(195年),吕布陈宫乘曹操出兵徐州之机,突袭东阿,被枣祗率军民顽强击退。汉献帝建安元年(196年),曹操迎献帝许都,枣祗受封羽林监,宿卫宫中。

枣祗推行屯田制,但不久就因病去世,追赠为陈留太守。事隔多年,曹操对枣祗还念念不忘,追封枣祗为列侯,并让他的儿子承袭侯位。

屯田制

枣祗的最大贡献,在于他首倡实施了屯田制。早在随曹操镇压黄巾军余部时,枣祗就对起义农民亦战亦耕、兵农合一的做法产生了极大兴趣,建安元年,曹操击败了颍川汝南郡的黄巾军,夺得了一大批耕牛、农具和劳动力。枣祗建议曹操利用这些农具,在许都一带开垦土地,实行屯田,以解决粮食问题。曹操采纳了他的建议,并任命他为屯田都尉,全权负责屯田事宜。

枣祗首先将荒芜的无主农田收归国家所有,将招募到的大批流民按军队的编制编成组,由国家提供土地、种子、耕牛和农具,由他们开垦耕种,获得的收成,由国家和屯田的农民按比例分成。屯田实施的第一年,就“得谷百万斛”。曹操于是下令郡国都置田官,招募流亡百姓屯田。后来又接受枣祗的建议,下令军队屯田,屯田制得到广泛推行,也因为此贡献,在本郡临颍县颍水一支流被命名为“枣祗河”。[2]

家人

参见

延伸阅读

[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:三国志/卷16》,出自陈寿三国志

参考文献

  1. ^ 《晋书·枣据传》:枣据,字道彦,颍川长社人也。本姓棘,其先避仇改焉。
  2. ^ 读史方舆纪要·河南二》:枣祗河,在县北二十里,颍河之支流也。曹魏初,枣祗募民屯田许下,引流以溉,得谷数百万斛,后人因以名河。或谓之枣村河。
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 王浚妻华芳墓志铭》:“浚前夫人济阴文氏……有子女曰韶,字韶英,适颖川枣台产。产父故大子中庶子。”
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枣祗
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