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张羡 (三国).
张羡(2世纪?—200年代),东汉南阳郡人[1],东汉末年刘表部将。
生平
历官零陵、桂阳太守,官至长沙太守,深得民心。性格屈强,与刘表不合。
200年,官渡之战时,桓阶游说张羡支持曹操,张羡于是以长沙和邻近三郡(桂阳、零陵、武陵)反抗刘表,并派使节面见曹操,曹操知道后十分高兴,但因为要专注于在官渡抵抗袁绍,未能派兵南下长沙,此时刘表攻打张羡,张羡病死。有子张怿。
子
- 张怿,刘表攻打张羡期间,连年无法攻克。曹操当时与袁绍相拒,未能得暇援救。张羡病死,长沙军拥立张羡子张怿为长沙太守。刘表攻打张怿及零陵郡、桂阳郡,都将其平定,刘表得到了湖南。
张羡与张机
在民国时,有几位学者认为张羡即是《伤寒杂病论》作者张机。支持这个推论的,包括孙鼎宜与郭象声等人[2]。
反对这个推论的人,有章太炎等。他们举出几个疑点,如张机与张羡两人的殁年纪录并不一致。章太炎先生在《张仲景事状考》一文中指出,建安四五年间,长沙太守张羡病死,由其儿子张怿继任长沙太守,刘表复派兵攻怿,大约在建安六年彻底打败张怿。只有到了这时,张仲景才有做长沙太守的机会。
章太炎在该文中说:“(张)羡父子相继据长沙,仲景不得为其太守。意者先在荆州,与仲宣(王粲)遇,表即并怿,仲景始以表命官其地,则宜在建安七年矣。
”
章太炎先生认为,刘表打败张怿之后,正是通过王粲的推荐,刘表便任命张仲景出任长沙太守。
注释
- ^ 《英雄记》载:“张羡,南阳人。”
- ^ 详见郭象声《张仲景姓名事迹考》:“仲景有羡、机二名,于义允协。机则与景义不相切符”
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