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田畴

田畴(169年—214年),字子泰东汉末期人物,右北平无终人,喜欢读书和击剑[1]

生平

受命出使

初平元年(190年),刘虞招募人才出使朝廷,田畴受荐,封为从事。田畴临行警告刘虞公孙瓒乃大患,应除去,但是不获刘虞理会。田畴不用国内道路而选择出塞至朔方,成功到达长安。朝廷拜田畴骑都尉,被拒绝。三位公府联合举荐,亦被田畴拒绝。田畴回到刘虞时刘虞已为公孙瓉杀害。田畴设祭大哭,公孙瓉惧其名声而不敢加害。

领族隐居

刘虞被杀后田畴领族人隐居徐无山(在今河北玉田县),躬耕以养父母,吸引百姓,数年间至五千余家。田畴被百姓推举为领袖后,订立法律,设立礼制,开学讲道。乌丸鲜卑各遣使贡礼归顺。期间田畴拒绝袁绍袁尚任命。

建安十年(205年),曹操袁谭,消灭袁绍在冀州残余势力,平定冀州。早年随田畴游历北方的邢颙向田畴称赞曹操,劝田畴协助曹操安定天下。[2]

助征乌丸

建安十二年(207年),曹操征伐乌丸,曹操命田豫为使者邀请田畴,为司空户曹掾,亦即时封为蓚县县令而暂不到任。曹军因水涨而不能行军,田畴献计假装撤退,实际行小路攻击大本营。曹操功成后封田畴为亭侯。田畴以自己实际为刘虞的逃兵,拒绝出任任何官职。公孙康斩袁尚后,田畴以曾经为袁尚所任命而前往吊祭,此举为裴松之评为态度前后不一,与王修自始至终忠于袁氏,尽管两人同样有哀悼之举,起心动念却不相同。

屡拒出仕

田畴尽将其家属及宗人三百余家移居。曹操欲强行封赏田畴,亦曾经派遣田畴好友夏侯惇劝说,都为田畴拒绝。最后曹操拜田畴为议郎。四十六岁时死去,其子亦早死,没有留下后代。

魏文帝年间,因崇尚田畴德义,封田畴侄孙田续关内侯,给田畴继嗣。

评价

  • 三国志》作者陈寿评曰:“田畴抗节,王脩忠贞,足以矫俗。”

延伸阅读

[在维基数据]

维基文库中的相关文本:三国志·卷11》,出自陈寿三国志

参考资料

  1. ^ 《三国志·田畴传》“好读书、击剑”
  2. ^ 《三国志·邢颙传》:易姓字,适右北平,从田畴游。积五年,而太祖定冀州。颙谓畴曰:“黄巾起来二十馀年,海内鼎沸,百姓流离。今闻曹公法令严。民厌乱矣,乱极则平。请以身先。”遂装还乡里。田畴曰:“邢颙,民之先觉也。”乃见太祖,求为乡导以克柳城。
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田畴
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