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溴化锂

溴化锂
IUPAC名
Lithium bromide
识别
CAS号 7550-35-8  checkY
PubChem 82050
ChemSpider 74049
SMILES
 
  • [Li+].[Br-]
InChI
 
  • 1/BrH.Li/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
InChIKey AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-REWHXWOFAS
EINECS 231-439-8
RTECS OJ5755000
性质
化学式 LiBr
摩尔质量 86.845 [1] g·mol⁻¹
外观 白色潮解性固体[1]
密度 3.464 g/cm3[1]
熔点 550 °C(823 K)([1]
沸点 1300 °C(1573 K)([1]
溶解性 143 g/100 mL (0 °C)
166.7 g/100 mL (20 °C)
266 g/100 mL (100 °C)[2]
溶解性 可溶于甲醇乙醇[1] 乙醚[1] 丙酮
微溶于吡啶
磁化率 −34.3·10−6 cm3/mol[4]
折光度n
D
1.7843 (589 nm)[3]
结构[5]
晶体结构 立方晶系,皮尔逊符号 cF8, No. 225
空间群 Fm3m
晶格常数 a = 0.5496 nm
热力学[6]
ΔfHm298K -351.2 kJ/mol
S298K 74.3 J/mol K
危险性
GHS危险性符号
《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》(简称“GHS”)中有害物质的标签图案
GHS提示词 Warning
H-术语 H315, H317, H319[7]
NFPA 704
0
2
0
 
闪点 不可燃
致死量或浓度:
LD50中位剂量
1800 mg/kg(大鼠口服)[8]
相关物质
其他阴离子 氟化锂
氯化锂
碘化锂
其他阳离子 溴化钠
溴化钾
溴化铷
溴化铯
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

溴化锂溴化物,化学式 LiBr。它是一种白色固体,极易溶于。它极易潮解,使得 LiBr 可用作干燥剂[9]

制备和性质

温度和溴化锂在水中的溶解度之间的关系
LiBr 的相图

溴化锂可以由碳酸锂和氢溴酸反应而成,或是由氢氧化锂和溴反应而成。[9] 不像其它碱金属溴化物,溴化锂会形成各种水合物[10] 无水溴化锂是立方晶系的,类似于食盐(氯化钠)。

氢氧化锂和氢溴酸反应,也可以得到溴化锂。

LiOH + HBr → LiBr + H2O

用处

50% ~60% 的溴化锂水溶液在空调系统中用作干燥剂。它也与水一起被用作吸收制冷的盐(见吸收式制冷)。固态 LiBr 是有机合成的一种试剂。它可用于氧化反应和氢甲酰化反应的催化剂中。它还用于含有酸性质子的有机化合物的去质子化和脱水,以及类固醇前列腺素的纯化。[9]

医药应用

溴化锂从 1900年代初开始被用作镇静剂。但在 1940年代,随着新型镇静剂的出现,以及一些心脏病患者在使用氯化锂(盐的替代品)后死亡,它变得不受欢迎。[11]类似碳酸锂氯化锂,溴化锂也用于治疗躁郁症

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Haynes, p. 4.70
  2. ^ Haynes, p. 5.169
  3. ^ Haynes, p. 10.249
  4. ^ Haynes, p. 4.128
  5. ^ Seifert, H.-J.; Dau, E. Über die Systeme Alkalimetallbromid/Mangan(II)-bromid. Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 1972, 391 (3): 302–312. doi:10.1002/zaac.19723910311. 
  6. ^ Haynes, p. 5.25
  7. ^ Lithium bromide页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). SIgma Aldrich
  8. ^ Chambers, Michael. ChemIDplus – 7550-35-8 – AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M – Lithium bromide – Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information.. chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov. [3 April 2018]. (原始内容存档于2014-08-12). 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Wietelmann, Ulrich and Bauer, Richard J. (2005) "Lithium and Lithium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Wiley-VCH: Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_393.pub2
  10. ^ Holleman, Arnold Frederik; Wiberg, Egon, Wiberg, Nils , 编, Inorganic Chemistry, 由Eagleson, Mary; Brewer, William翻译, San Diego/Berlin: Academic Press/De Gruyter, 2001, ISBN 0-12-352651-5 
  11. ^ Bipolar Disorder: Treatment and Care. webmd.com. [3 April 2018]. 

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溴化锂
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