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依托咪酯

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依托咪酯
(R)-etomidate ethyl ester
临床资料
商品名英语Drug nomenclatureAmidate, Hypnomidate, Tomvi
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
核准状况
给药途径静脉注射
ATC码
法律规范状态
法律规范
药物动力学数据
血浆蛋白结合率76%
药物代谢血浆肝脏中发生酯水解
生物半衰期75 分钟
排泄途径尿液(85%),胆管 (15%)
识别信息
  • Ethyl 3-[(1R)-1-phenylethyl]imidazole-5-carboxylate
CAS号33125-97-2  checkY
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard英语CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.046.700 编辑维基数据链接
化学信息
化学式C14H16N2O2
摩尔质量244.29 g·mol−1
3D模型(JSmol英语JSmol
熔点67 °C(153 °F)
沸点392 °C(738 °F)
  • O=C(OCC)c1cncn1C(c2ccccc2)C
  • InChI=1S/C14H16N2O2/c1-3-18-14(17)13-9-15-10-16(13)11(2)12-7-5-4-6-8-12/h4-11H,3H2,1-2H3 checkY
  • Key:NPUKDXXFDDZOKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

依托咪酯(英语:etomidate),别名R-(+)-1-(1-苯乙基)-1-氢-咪唑-5-甲酸乙酯(R)-(+)-1-(1-苯乙基)-1-氢-咪唑-5-甲酸乙酯(R)-1-(1-苯基乙基)-1H-咪唑-5-甲酸乙酯乙苄咪唑。是一种催眠剂,用于诱导全身麻醉。

化学性质

1-苯乙基咪唑-5-甲醇的氧化-酯化反应[2]、咪唑-5-甲酸乙酯和1-苯基乙醇的Mitsunobu偶合反应[3]N-[1-(2-溴苯基)乙基]甘氨酸乙酯的成环-脱溴反应可用于该药物的合成。[4]

它在氢氧化钠溶液中水解,酸化后可以得到(R)-1-(1-苯乙基)咪唑-5-甲酸[5];它和丙醇钠或异丙醇钠反应,可以得到相应的丙酯或异丙酯类似物。[6]它可以和钌形成配合物。[7]

管制信息

依托咪酯在中国是麻醉类处方药,非法贩卖涉及妨害药品管理罪和贩卖毒品罪。[8]吸食含有依托咪酯的电子烟则会被强制戒毒。[9]

参考文献

  1. ^ Summary Basis of Decision (SBD) for Tomvi. Health Canada. 23 October 2014 [29 May 2022]. (原始内容存档于2022-05-30). 
  2. ^ Marcus Baumann, Ian R. Baxendale. A Continuous-Flow Method for the Desulfurization of Substituted Thioimidazoles Applied to the Synthesis of Etomidate Derivatives. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2017. doi:10.1002/ejoc.201700833.
  3. ^ Joydev K. Laha and Gregory D. Cuny. Synthesis of Fused Imidazoles, Pyrroles, and Indoles with a Defined Stereocenter α to Nitrogen Utilizing Mitsunobu Alkylation Followed by Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization. J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76, 20, 8477–8482. doi:10.1021/jo201237h.
  4. ^ Cor G. M. Janssen, Jos B. A. Thijssen, Willy L. M. Verluyten, Jozef J. P. Heykants. Synthesis of (R)-(+)-3H-etomidate. Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals, 1987. 24 (8). doi:10.1002/jlcr.2580240805.
  5. ^ Zhao, Shizhen; et al. Design, synthesis and evaluation of 1-benzyl-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide derivatives as potent TGR5 agonists. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 2021. 32. 115972. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115972.
  6. ^ Zolle, Ilse M.; et al. New Selective Inhibitors of Steroid 11β-Hydroxylation in the Adrenal Cortex. Synthesis and Structure-Activity Relationship of Potent Etomidate Analogues. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (2008), 51(7), 2244-2253. doi:10.1021/jm800012w
  7. ^ Ana Zamora; et al. Ruthenium-containing P450 inhibitors for dual enzyme inhibition and DNA damage. Dalton Trans., 2017,46, 2165-2173. doi:10.1039/C6DT04405K.
  8. ^ 又一种“上头电子烟”!添加了依托咪酯,危害不亚于毒品. 绍兴市公安局. 2023-07-24 [2024-06-27]. 
  9. ^ 3名未成年人抽电子烟抽进戒毒所. 新浪网. 2024-06-26 [2024-06-27]. 

外部链接

  • Etomidate. Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. [2022-06-23]. (原始内容存档于2022-08-01). 
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依托咪酯
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