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水解

水解是一种化工单元过程,是物质与水反应,利用水形成新物质的过程。通常是指盐类的水解平衡。不包含淀粉酶分解。

无机物的水解

无机物在水中分解通常是双分解过程,属于复分解反应分子也被分解成氢离子氢氧根,和被水解的物质残片结合形成新物质,如:

有机物的水解

有机物的分子一般都比较大,水解时需要作为催化剂,有时也用生物活性作为催化剂。酯会水解成酸和醇[1] ;在酸性水溶液(稀释盐酸溶液)中脂肪会水解成甘油脂肪酸淀粉会水解成葡萄糖蛋白质会水解成氨基酸等分子量比较小的物质。

在碱性水溶液中,脂肪会分解成甘油和固体脂肪酸盐(即香皂),因此这种水解也叫作皂化反应

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ 魏荣宝; 阮伟祥; 梁娅. 有機化學. 北京: 化学工业出版社. 
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水解
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