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丙氨酸

丙氨酸
IUPAC名
Alanine
2-胺基丙酸
别名 2-氨基丙酸
缩写 Ala, A
识别
CAS号 338-69-2(右旋)  checkY
56-41-7(左旋)  checkY
302-72-7(外消旋体)  checkY
PubChem 5950
ChemSpider 64234 (右旋), 5735 (左旋), 582 (外消旋体)
SMILES
 
  • O=C(O)C(N)C
InChI
 
  • 1/C3H7NO2/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2H,4H2,1H3,(H,5,6)
InChIKey QNAYBMKLOCPYGJ-UHFFFAOYAA
ChEBI 16977
KEGG C01401
IUPHAR配体 720
性质
化学式 C3H7NO2
摩尔质量 89.09 g·mol−1
外观 白色粉末
密度 1.424 g/cm3
熔点 258 °C(531 K)
溶解性 167.2 g/L (25 °C)
log P -0.68[1]
pKa pKa1 = 2.35(-COOH)
pKa2 = 9.87(-NH3+[2]
磁化率 -50.5·10−6 cm3/mol
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

丙氨酸(Alanine,简写为AlaA)是一种氨基酸,于1850年由阿道夫·斯特雷克英语Adolph Strecker通过乙醛氢氰酸的反应首次合成。[3][4][5]它含有胺基羧酸,二者都与中心碳原子相连,中心碳原子也带有甲基侧链。因此,它的IUPAC系统命名为2-胺基丙酸,并且它属于非极性氨基酸。

鸟类哺乳类可经由食物中的糖分解所得的丙酮酸合成得到丙氨酸,因此对这些动物来说,丙氨酸为非必需氨基酸。

生物体内合成方式

丙酮酸麸氨酸藉丙氨酸转胺酶生成丙氨酸与α-酮戊二酸

化学合成方式

外消旋的丙氨酸可由乙醛氯化铵氰化钠进行斯特雷克氨基酸合成反应[6]合成。

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参考资料

  1. ^ L-alanine_msds. [2019-08-16]. (原始内容存档于2017-06-16). 
  2. ^ Haynes, William M. (编). CRC化學和物理手冊 第97版. CRC Press. 2016: 5–88. ISBN 978-1498754286. 
  3. ^ Strecker A. Ueber die künstliche Bildung der Milchsäure und einen neuen, dem Glycocoll homologen Körper [On the artificial formation of lactic acid and a new substance homologous to glycine]. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. 1850, 75 (1): 27–45 [2023-04-24]. doi:10.1002/jlac.18500750103. (原始内容存档于2022-01-07) (德语).  Strecker names alanine on p. 30.
  4. ^ Strecker A. Ueber einen neuen aus Aldehyd – Ammoniak und Blausäure entstehenden Körper [On a new substance arising from acetaldehyde–ammonia [i.e., 1-aminoethanol] and hydrocyanic acid]. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie. 1854, 91 (3): 349–351 [2023-04-24]. doi:10.1002/jlac.18540910309. (原始内容存档于2022-01-06) (德语). 
  5. ^ Alanine. AminoAcidsGuide.com. 10 June 2018 [14 April 2019]. (原始内容存档于2022-01-06). 
  6. ^ (1929) "dl-Alanine". Org. Synth. 9: 4; Coll. Vol. 1: 21. 
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丙氨酸
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