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磷酸化

一个经过磷酸化之后的丝胺酸残基。

磷酸化(英语:Phosphorylation)或称磷酸化作用,是指在蛋白质或其他类型分子上,加入一个磷酸(PO32-)基团,也可定义成“将一个磷酸基团导入一个有机分子”。此作用在生物化学中占有重要地位。

蛋白质磷酸化可发生在许多种类的氨基酸(蛋白质的主要单位)上,其中以丝胺酸为多,接着是苏胺酸。而酪胺酸则相对较少磷酸化的发生,不过由于经过磷酸化之后的酪氨酸较容易利用抗体来纯化,因此酪氨酸的磷酸化作用位置也较广为了解。

除了蛋白质以外,部分核苷酸,如三磷酸腺苷(ATP)或三磷酸鸟苷(GTP)的形成,也是经由二磷酸腺苷和二磷酸鸟苷的磷酸化而来,此过程称为氧化磷酸化。另外在许多糖类的生化反应中(如糖解作用),也有一些步骤存在氧化磷酸化作用。

参看

  • 硫酸化

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磷酸化
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