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溴化亚铜

溴化亚铜
IUPAC名
Copper(I) bromide
溴化铜(I)
识别
CAS号 7787-70-4  checkY
PubChem 24593
ChemSpider 22995
SMILES
 
  • Br[Cu]
InChI
 
  • 1/BrH.Cu/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
InChIKey NKNDPYCGAZPOFS-REWHXWOFAY
性质
化学式 CuBr
摩尔质量 143.45 g·mol⁻¹
外观 无色粉末,不纯时为绿色
密度 4.71 g/cm3(固)
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

溴化亚铜化学式CuBr)是(I)化合物之一。无色反磁性粉末,易受氧化而呈铜(II)的绿色。[1] 难溶于水,主要用作有机合成试剂。

制备

溴化亚铜常由溴离子存在下二价铜盐被亚硫酸根离子还原得到,方法与氯化亚铜的制备过程类似。[2]

2 CuBr2 + H2O + SO32− → 2 CuBr + SO42− + 2 HBr

金属铜与蒸汽在加热时反应,得到溴化铜与溴化亚铜的混合物。如果金属铜为粉状,则反应在室温就可发生。

铜粉溶于氢溴酸时也可生成溴化亚铜:

2 HBr + 2 Cu → 2 CuBr + H2

性质

被氧化的溴化铜(I)呈绿色

溴化亚铜难溶于水和大多数溶剂,但易溶于盐酸氢溴酸氨水。它可被氧化剂氧化为Cu2+,也可被还原剂(如硫酸亚铁)还原为铜。室温时为闪锌矿结构,铜以四面体与四个溴配位,加热时则依次转变为纤锌矿氯化钠型结构。

溴化亚铜可以与软的路易斯碱形成加合物,例如与二甲基硫醚反应时,会形成无色的CuBr(S(CH3)2)。[3] 该配合物是制取其他有机铜化合物的原料。铜在其中为二配位的直线型结构。

CuBr + S(CH3)2 → CuBr(S(CH3)2)

溴化亚铜是Sandmeyer反应中的溴化试剂,用于将芳香重氮盐转化为溴化物[4]

ArN2+ + CuBr → ArBr + N2 + Cu+

参考资料

  1. ^ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
  2. ^ Keller, R. N.; Wycoff, H. D. "Copper(I) chloride" Inorganic Syntheses 1946; Volume II, p 1-4.
  3. ^ Jarowicki, K.; Kocienski, P. J.; Qun, L. "1,2-Metallate Rearrangement: (Z)-4-(2-Propenyl)-3-Octen-1-ol" Organic Syntheses, Collected Volume 10, p.662 (2004).http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/pdfs/V79P0011.pdf
  4. ^ Hartwell, J. L. "o-Chlorobromobenzene" Organic Syntheses, Collected Volume 3, p.185 (1955).http://www.orgsyn.org/orgsyn/pdfs/CV3P0185.pdf页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
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溴化亚铜
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