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氰化亚铜

氰化亚铜
IUPAC名
Copper(I) cyanide
别名 氰化铜(Ⅰ)
识别
CAS号 544-92-3  checkY
PubChem 11009
ChemSpider 10543
SMILES
 
  • [Cu+].[C-]#N
InChI
 
  • 1/CN.Cu/c1-2;/q-1;+1
InChIKey DOBRDRYODQBAMW-UHFFFAOYAI
EINECS 208-883-6
RTECS GL7150000
性质
化学式 CuCN
摩尔质量 89.563 g·mol⁻¹
外观 白色至绿色粉末
密度 2.92 g/cm3 [1]
熔点 474 °C(747 K)
溶解性 难溶于水
危险性
警示术语 R:R26/27/28, R32, R50/53
安全术语 S:S1/2, S7, S28, S29, S45, S60, S61
MSDS Oxford MSDS
欧盟编号 006-007-00-5
欧盟分类 剧毒 (T+)
对环境有害 (N)
NFPA 704
0
4
0
 
闪点 不可燃
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

氰化亚铜是一种无机化合物化学式为CuCN。

性质

纯氰化亚铜是一种白色单斜结晶粉末,不溶于水、冷稀酸和乙醇,易溶于氨水、铵盐溶液和浓盐酸,在沸稀盐酸中分解为氯化亚铜氰化氢。温度高于130°C时自燃。[2]

氰化亚铜和硫代乙酰胺的水溶液反应,得到化合物Cu4(S2O3)2(ta)10·ta。若先将CuCN置于Na2S2O3水溶液中,再和硫代乙酰胺反应,只能得到(CuCN)(ta)。[3]

制备

特定方法配制的硫酸铜亚硫酸钠碳酸钠溶液发生反应,生成亚硫酸铜和亚硫酸亚铜的复盐糊状沉淀,再与氰化钠和碳酸钠溶液进行反应生成白色氰化亚铜。[2]

毒性

本品有毒 LD₅₀:1265 mg/kg,慢性中毒出现头痛、消瘦、性机能及性欲障碍、贫血、白细胞减少及氰化血红蛋白升高。吞入粉尘引起中毒时,用3%双氧水或0.2%高锰酸钾洗胃,每过15分钟给一汤匙硫酸亚铁和煅镁氧乳液。[2]

用途

用于电镀铜及其合金、净化熔融金属和制造防污涂料,用作合成原料、杀虫剂原料,是Sandmeyer反应中的试剂。

参考资料

  1. ^ Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0070494398
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 中国化工产品大全 上卷,Bc145 氰化亚铜,页149
  3. ^ Fred B. Stocker, Melissa A. Troester. Crystal Structures of Two New Complexes Produced by Reaction of Copper(I) Cyanide with Thioacetamide.In SituFormation of the Thiosulfate Anion. Inorganic Chemistry. 1996-01, 35 (11): 3154–3158 [2018-07-04]. ISSN 0020-1669. doi:10.1021/ic9502436. (原始内容存档于2019-06-20) (英语). 
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氰化亚铜
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