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对二氯苯

对二氯苯
对二氯苯
IUPAC名
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,4-二氯苯
别名 p-DCB
识别
CAS号 106-46-7  checkY
ChemSpider 13866817
SMILES
 
  • ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1
ChEBI 28618
RTECS CZ4550000
KEGG C07092
性质
化学式 C6H4Cl2
摩尔质量 146.992 g/mol g·mol⁻¹
密度 1.25 g/cm3, 固体
熔点 53.5 ℃
沸点 174 ℃
溶解性 10.5 mg/100 mL (20℃)
危险性
警示术语 R:R36, R40, R50/53
安全术语 S:S2, S36/37, S46,
S60, S61
欧盟分类 有害 Xn
有害环境物质 N
Carc. Cat. 3
NFPA 704
2
2
0
 
闪点 66 ℃
相关物质
相关化学品 邻二氯苯间二氯苯
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

对二氯苯的二个原子取代后形成的化合物分子式为C6H4Cl2系统命名法写作1,4-二氯苯(英语:1,4-Dichlorobenzene),常用作樟脑丸

性质

熔点53.5℃、沸点174℃。常温下会借由升华而散发出强烈气味,由于其强烈气味,尽管空气中只有微量的存在也能闻到气味。[1]

制取

对二氯苯通过的取代反应制得:

C6H6 + 2 Cl2 → C6H4Cl2 + 2 HCl

反应中的主要杂质是1,2取代的异构体邻二氯苯,因为邻二氯苯和氯苯熔点远远低于室温,可利用对二氯苯相对较高的熔点53.5°C,通过分离结晶纯化。[1]

用途

对二氯苯作为樟脑丸中最常用的成分,被用于防治霉菌[2] 它还被用于生产其他防虫剂及用作消毒剂[1]

对二氯苯是聚苯硫醚的前体:[3]

对环境与人体健康的危害

对二氯苯难溶于水,不易被土壤生物分解,与许多芳香烃类相同,对二氯苯是脂溶性的,并会在脂肪组织中积累。

美国卫生和公共服务部(DHHS)和国际癌症研究机构(IARC)认为对二氯苯是一种致癌物质,虽然没有足够的证据。[4] 美国环境保护署(EPA)设立的最高标准为饮用水中不超过75微克/升。[5] 同时对二氯苯也是EPA登记的农药

美国职业安全和健康管理局(OSHA)关于劳动安全设立的标准是对于每天8小时,每周工作40小时的人,工作场所空气中对二氯苯不得超过75ppm。

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Rossberg, M.; Lendle, W.; Pfleiderer, G.; Tögel, A.; Dreher, E. L.; Langer, E.; Rassaerts, H.; Kleinschmidt, P.; Strack, H. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 2006. ISBN 3527306730. doi:10.1002/14356007.a06_233.pub2.  |chapter=被忽略 (帮助)
  2. ^ National Pesticide Information Center – Mothballs Case Profile (PDF). [10 August 2009]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2010年6月22日). 
  3. ^ Fahey, D. R.; Ash, C. E. Mechanism of poly(p-phenylene sulfide) growth from p-dichlorobenzene and sodium sulfide. Macromolecules. 1991, 24 (15): 4242. doi:10.1021/ma00015a003. 
  4. ^ Preamble to the IARC Monographs页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) definition of "Group 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans", the International Agency for Research on Cancer classification of this chemical
  5. ^ Consumer Factsheet on: PARA-DICHLOROBENZENE (p-DCB). 28 November 2006 [10 August 2009]. (原始内容存档于2009年10月6日). 

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对二氯苯
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