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溴氰菊酯

溴氰菊酯
IUPAC名
[(S)-Cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)-methyl](1R,3R)-3-(2,2-dibromoethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane-1-carboxylate
别名 Deltamethrin
Decamethrin
识别
CAS号 52918-63-5  checkY
ChemSpider 37079
SMILES
 
  • Br/C(Br)=C/[C@H]3[C@@H](C(=O)O[C@H](C#N)c2cccc (Oc1ccccc1)c2)C3(C)C
InChI
 
  • 1/C22H19Br2NO3/c1-22(2)17(12-19(23)24)20(22)21(26)28-18(13-25)14-7-6-10-16(11-14)27-15-8-4-3-5-9-15/h3-12,17-18,20H,1-2H3/t17-,18+,20-/m0/s1
InChIKey OWZREIFADZCYQD-NSHGMRRFBN
ChEBI 4388
KEGG D07785
性质
化学式 C22H19Br2NO3
摩尔质量 505.2 g·mol−1
密度 1.5 g cm−3
熔点 98 °C(371 K)
沸点 300 °C(573 K)
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

溴氰菊酯(Deltamethrin)是一种农用杀虫药,中国大陆通称“敌杀死”或“保棉丹”、“克敌”等,台湾称为“第灭宁”。此药对害虫的毒效可达DDT的100倍,大量用于棉花种植业,也有稀释版本用于家用。对塑料制品有腐蚀性,不能装于塑料容器。[1]

初产物呈白色斜方针状晶体,熔点101~102℃,沸点300℃。常温下几乎不溶于水,只溶于多种有机溶剂。对翅目系害虫有剧毒性,介壳虫、盲蝽象等也有大规模消灭效果,人体皮肤接触可引起刺激症状,出现红疹,重度中毒者可出现肌束震颤和抽搐致死,误服者饮适量温水催吐,就医用葛根素治疗。

农用者需注意对鱼类和蜜蜂有剧毒,但已经对DDT抗药的昆虫对敌杀死也会抗药。对螨蚧类的防效甚低,并不适用。棉花、茶树系农作物效果佳,茄果类、蔬菜、芦笋、水稻、烟草、小麦、玉米等也可使用,香蕉、李子等效果稍差但也可用。在气温低时效果较好最好于冬天施放,不可与碱性物质混用,以免降低药效,叶菜类收获前15天禁用。[2]家中饲有宠物猫者亦需注意,该物质对猫有剧毒作用。

参考文献

  1. ^ Doi, H.; Kikuchi, H.; Murai, H.; Kawano, Y.; Shigeto, H.; Ohyagi, Y.; Kira, J.(2006). "Motor neuron disorder simulating ALS induced by chronic inhalation of pyrethroid insecticides"
  2. ^ Zhu, F.; Wigginton, J.; Romero, A.; Moore, A.; Ferguson, K.; Palli, R.; Potter, M. F.; Haynes, K. F.; Palli, S. R.(2010). "Widespread distribution of knockdown resistance mutations in the bed bug,Cimex lectularius(Hemiptera: Cimicidae), populations in the United States". Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology: n/a. doi:10.1002/arch.20355
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溴氰菊酯
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