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除虫菊酯

除虫菊酯Ⅰ——R = CH3
除虫菊酯Ⅱ——R = CO2CH3

除虫菊酯,存在于除虫菊(一种菊科植物)的叶子、茎杆,特别是花中,对昆虫具有很强的毒杀作用。把除虫菊的花收集起来晾干,与木屑、香料等混在一起做成烟熏剂,点燃后,除虫菊酯即可随烟雾散发出来,飞舞的蚊子一旦接触到它,就会被毒杀,这种烟熏剂是优良的天然“蚊香”。

除虫菊酯的杀虫谱比较广,能够杀灭许多卫生和农林害虫,对人和其他温血动物的毒性也很小,无残毒污染环境。它的缺点是对光的稳定性差,一遇到阳光的照射就容易分解、失效,所以只适合在室内用于防治蚊、蝇,以及蟑螂等卫生害虫,不宜作为农药在田间进行喷洒使用。

从20世纪20年代开始,化学家对除虫菊酯进行了提取、分离等研究,到了40年代就已经基本上弄清了它的分子结构,它是一种含有3碳环的酯类化合物。

全合成

除虫菊酯Ⅰ可以通过(+)-反式-菊酸和(S)-(Z)-除虫菊醇酮的酯化合成。这两个前体化合物可以通过下面的方法合成:[1][2]

以(+)-3α,4α-环氧蒈烷 (1)为原料合成(+)-反式-菊酸的路线。
以(S)-4-羟基-3-甲基-2-(2-丙炔基)-2-环戊烯-1-酮合成(S)-(Z)-除虫菊醇酮的路线。

参考资料

  1. ^ Sobti, R., Dev, S. (+)-Trans-Chrysanthemic acid from (+)-Δ3-Carene. Tetrahedron. 1974, 30: 2927–2929. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)97467-8. 
  2. ^ Matsuo, N., Takagaki, T., Watanabe, K., Ohno, N. The First Practical Synthesis of (S)-Pyrethrolone, an Alcohol Moiety of Natural Pyrethrins I and II. Biosci. Biotech. Biochem. 1993, 57: 693–694. 
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除虫菊酯
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