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吡虫啉

吡虫啉[1]
IUPAC名
N-{1-[(6-Chloro-3-pyridyl)methyl]-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-yl}nitramide
识别
CAS号 138261-41-3  checkY
PubChem 86418
ChemSpider 77934
SMILES
 
  • [O-][N+](=O)NC/1=N/CCN\1Cc2cnc(Cl)cc2
InChI
 
  • 1/C9H10ClN5O2/c10-8-2-1-7(5-12-8)6-14-4-3-11-9(14)13-15(16)17/h1-2,5H,3-4,6H2,(H,11,13)
InChIKey YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYAZ
ChEBI 39169
DrugBank DB07980
KEGG C11110
性质
化学式 C9H10ClN5O2
摩尔质量 255.661 g·mol⁻¹
外观 白色透明晶体
熔点 136.4 °C(410 K)
沸点 442.3
溶解性 0.51 g/L (20 °C)
药理学
ATCvet代码 QP53AX17(QP53)
危险性
闪点 221.3
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

吡虫啉(英语:Imidacloprid)又名益达胺蚍虫林,是新一代类尼古丁超高效杀虫剂,纯品呈无色无味的晶体。主要破坏昆虫神经系统功能。对昆虫具有广谱、高效、害虫不易产生抗性,对哺乳动物植物和天敌则是低毒、低残留安全等特点。害虫接触药剂后,中枢神经正常传导受阻,使其麻痹死亡。

由于药物会经由植物根部、叶面吸收后传送到花朵、花粉中,所以对蜜蜂传粉昆虫也具有强毒,严重影响农作物收成,已经逐步遭到禁用[2][3]。2017年台湾将吡虫啉、可尼丁(Clothianidin)、赛速安(Thiamethoxam)三种类尼古丁农药暂时取消使用在荔枝龙眼上,2018年6月欧盟决议全面禁用吡虫啉等三种类尼古丁杀虫剂。欧盟法院在2018年5月宣判欧盟委员会2013年采“预警原则”禁止在招引蜜蜂的开花植物使用类尼古丁农药有理,驳回农药大厂拜耳先正达的指控。

外部链接

参考文献

  1. ^ Pesticide Information Profiles: Imidacloprid Breaz. Extension Toxicology Network. [April 7, 2012]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-11). 
  2. ^ 益達胺 (殺蟲劑). 农药使用资讯系统. 农业药物毒物试验所. [2016-01-22]. (原始内容存档于2016-01-26). 
  3. ^ 益達胺是什麼?. 农业知识入口网. 行政院农业委员会. [2016-01-22]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-11). 
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吡虫啉
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