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磷酸酯

伯磷酸酯的结构通式。

磷酸酯又称正磷酸酯(以与亚磷酸酯相区别),是磷酸衍生物,属于磷酸衍生物的一类。磷酸为三元酸,因此根据取代烃基数的不同,又可将磷酸酯分为伯磷酸酯(磷酸一酯、烃基磷酸)、仲磷酸酯(磷酸二酯)和叔磷酸酯(磷酸三酯)。

性质和应用

磷酸的一酯和二酯是强酸,例如磷酸甲酯和磷酸二甲酯的pKa分别为1.54和1.29。烃基磷酸、烃基焦磷酸和烃基三磷酸都以盐的形式存在于生物体内。DNARNA就可以看做是 [PO2(OR)(OR')]n 类型的聚合物。

磷酸酯主要用作含磷农药、神经毒气、难燃液压油、润滑油。

制取

由 1mol 磷酸与 1,2,3mol 的缩合生成磷酸一酯、二酯和三酯。

例子

参见

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磷酸酯
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