For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 烯胺.

烯胺

烯胺的通式。

烯胺(英文:Enamine)是与二级失水缩合形成的一类不饱和化合物,可看作含烯醇,通式为R2C=CR-NR2,见右图。

若氮上的两个取代基中,有一个为氢,则形成的烯胺与亚胺互为互变异构体;若烯胺氮上没有氢,即成为一个稳定的化合物,类似于烯醇醚。烯胺-亚胺互变异构与酮-烯醇互变异构类似,一般情况下平衡倾向于亚胺一边,但也有少数例外情况(例如苯胺)。

烯胺具有两位反应性,其烷基化反应既可以在碳上发生,也可以在氮上发生,两者为竞争关系。用活泼卤代烷烃(如碘甲烷烯丙型卤化物、苯甲型卤化物、α-卤代酯等)时,主要发生碳烷基化。

合成

烯胺通常用至少具有一个α-氢的酮与一个二级胺在酸(如对甲苯磺酸)催化下制备,并加入强失水剂(如四氯化钛)或分水器共沸使反应进行完全。反应的机理见下图:

烯胺合成反应的机理
烯胺合成反应的机理

常用的二级胺为四氢吡咯吗啉六氢吡啶,它们的反应性从左至右递减。不对称酮与二级胺反应,主要生成的是双键碳上取代最少的烯胺,这是因为连在双键碳上的甲基会与四氢吡咯环上的氢互相排斥,降低了产物的稳定性。

烯胺的合成反应是个可逆反应,稀酸作用下,烯胺便水解为酮与二级胺。

参见

参考资料

  • 邢其毅、裴伟伟、徐瑞秋、裴坚。《基础有机化学》(第三版)下册。北京:高等教育出版社,2005年12月:908。ISBN 978-7-04-017755-8
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
烯胺
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?