For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 砷酸氢铅.

砷酸氢铅

砷酸氢铅

识别
CAS号 7784-40-9  checkY
PubChem 24572
ChemSpider 22976
SMILES
 
  • O[As](=O)([O-])[O-].[Pb+2]
UN编号 1617
ChEBI 81881
性质
化学式 HAsO4Pb
摩尔质量 347.13 g·mol−1
外观 白色固体
密度 6.07 g/cm3
危险性
GHS危险性符号
《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》(简称“GHS”)中有毒物质的标签图案《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》(简称“GHS”)中对人体有害物质的标签图案《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》(简称“GHS”)中对环境有害物质的标签图案
GHS提示词 Danger
H-术语 H301, H331, H350, H360Df, H373, H400, H410
P-术语 P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P281, P301+310, P304+340, P308+313, P311, P314
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

砷酸氢铅,又称砷酸铅,化学式为PbHAsO4,是一种无机杀虫剂主要针对马铃薯甲虫[来源请求]。砷酸氢铅一度是最广泛使用的砷化合物杀虫剂。[1]砷酸铅有两种主要的配方得到推销:碱式砷酸铅(Pb5OH(AsO4)3,CASN:1327-31-7)和酸式砷酸铅(PbHAsO4)。[1]

生产和结构

在以下反应中,砷酸氢铅会以沉淀物生成。这是它最常用的制备方法:

Pb(NO3)2 + H3AsO4 → PbHAsO4 +2 HNO3

它的结构与磷酸氢铅(PbHPO4)的相同。这些盐和硫酸铅(PbSO4)一样,几乎不溶于水。[2]

用途

1898年,砷酸氢铅在马萨诸塞州以杀虫剂的形式开始得到推销,针对舞毒蛾。推行它是为了取代当时常用的巴黎绿,巴黎绿比它有毒10倍,而且更易溶于水。[3]此外,砷酸氢铅附着在植物的表面上比巴黎绿更紧密,因此它的杀虫效果也更强更持久。

砷酸氢铅曾经在澳洲、加拿大、新西兰、美国、英国、法国、北非和其他地区里得到广泛使用,主要对抗苹果蠹蛾和白椴蛾。[4]它主要用在苹果上,但也可以用在其他果树、农作物或草皮上,用来灭。在西部加州,人们在冬天一同使用砷酸氢铅和硫酸铵,在草坪上杀灭马唐种子。

1919年,人们发现即使洗净了产品,表面上依然会有砷酸氢铅残留,于是开始寻找化学品取代它。经查验,所提议的化学品效果更弱,或者对植物和动物毒性更高,直到1947年,DDT被发现。1988年,美国环保局禁止在农作物上使用砷酸氢铅。[5][6]

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Peryea F.J. 1998. Historical use of lead arsenate insecticides, resulting in soil contamination and implications for soil remediation. Proceedings, 16th World Congress of Soil Science, Montpellier, France. 20-26. Aug. Available online: http://soils.tfrec.wsu.edu/leadhistory.htm 互联网档案馆存档,存档日期2008-12-07.
  2. ^ Wilson, C. C.; Cox, P. J.; Stewart, N. S. Structure and disorder in schultenite, lead hydrogen arsenate. Journal of Crystallographic and Spectroscopic Research. 1991, 21 (5): 589–593. S2CID 95449522. doi:10.1007/BF01161081. 
  3. ^ Metcalf Deceased, Robert L.; Horowitz, Abraham Rami, Insect Control, 2. Individual Insecticides, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2005, doi:10.1002/14356007.s14_s01 
  4. ^ Herrick, Glenn Washington. The Snow-white Linden Moth. 1910 [2022-10-23]. (原始内容存档于2022-10-23). 
  5. ^ Historic Arsenical Pesticide Research (PDF) (报告). US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs. 2004 [22 January 2020]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2022-10-23). EPA banned use of lead arsenate on food crops in 1988. 
  6. ^ Inorganic Arsenicals; Intent to Cancel Registrations for Pesticide Products Registered for Non-Wood Preservative Use; Conclusion of Special Review. Federal Register: 53: 126 (报告). United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA): 24787–24796. June 1988. 

外部链接

{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
砷酸氢铅
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?