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氰化铋

氰化铋

英文名 Bismuth(III) cyanide
Bismuth tricyanide
别名 三氰化铋
识别
CAS号 121526-85-0  checkY
性质
化学式 Bi(CN)3
摩尔质量 287.034 g·mol⁻¹
外观 白色固体
熔点 166 °C(439 K)(共聚物,分解)
136 °C(409 K)(二THF,分解)
溶解性 和水反应
溶解性 难溶于有机溶剂
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

氰化铋是一种无机化合物化学式为Bi(CN)3

制备

三甲基氰硅烷三氟化铋乙腈四氢呋喃中反应,可以得到低聚的氰化铋。[1]

BiF3 + 3 (CH3)3SiCN → Bi(CN)3 + 3 (CH3)3SiF

当溶剂更换为离子液体[BMIm][OTf](其中[BMTm+]=1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑𬭩英语C4mim,OTf-=三氟甲磺酸盐),进行反应,再用THF处理生成物,产生单体:

BiF3 + 3 (CH3)3SiCN → [溶剂中间体] → Bi(CN)3·2THF

氰化铋及氰化铋二四氢呋喃合物的光谱数据如下表(vCN,cm-1):

物种 红外 拉曼
Bi(CN)3 2291(m),2254(s),2174(m,br) 2256(1),2171(7)
Bi(CN)3·2THF 2154(m) 2158(10,br)

铋氰酸盐

氰化铋和氰化物不能进一步反应,生成铋氰酸盐,但是通过三氟化铋三甲基氰硅烷和弱配位阳离子的氰化物的反应却能够得到铋氰酸盐,弱配位阳离子有[Ph3P-N-Ph3P]+、[Ph4P]+等。铋的氰取代酸盐比同族的锑更为多样,铋可以形成[Bi(CN)5]2−、[Bi(CN)6]3−和[Bi2(CN)11]5−等配离子。但目前未发现[Bi(CN)4][2]

参考文献

  1. ^ Schulz A, Arlt S, Harloff J, et al. Molecular E(CN)3 (E = Sb, Bi) Species Synthesized From Ionic Liquids[J]. Chemistry, 2016, 22(45):16012-16016.
  2. ^ Arlt S, Harloff J, Schulz A, et al. Cyanido Antimonate(III) and Bismuthate(III) Anions.[J]. Inorganic Chemistry, 2016, 55(23):12321. DOI:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02174

拓展链接

  • Bither T A, Knoth W H, Lindsey Jr R V, et al. Trialkyl-and Triaryl (iso) cyanosilanes1[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 1958, 80(16): 4151-4153.
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氰化铋
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