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溴化钠

溴化钠
IUPAC名
Sodium bromide
英文名 Sodium bromide
识别
CAS号 7647-15-6  checkY
13466-08-5(二水合物)  ☒N
PubChem 253881
ChemSpider 22712
SMILES
 
  • [Na+].[Br-]
InChI
 
  • 1/BrH.Na/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
InChIKey JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-REWHXWOFAR
RTECS VZ3150000
性质
化学式 NaBr
摩尔质量 102.894 g·mol⁻¹
外观 白色粉末
密度 3.203 g/cm³
熔点 755 °C
沸点 1390 °C
溶解性 90.5 g/100 mL (20 °C)
94.3 g/100 mL (25 °C)
116.0 g/100 mL (50 °C)
危险性
欧盟危险性符号
刺激性刺激性 Xi
警示术语 R:R36/37/38
安全术语 S:S26-S37-S39
MSDS 英文MSDS
闪点 不可燃
相关物质
其他阴离子 NaCl
其他阳离子 KBr
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

溴化钠化学式:NaBr 或 NaBr·2H2O)是一种离子化合物,为无色晶体或白色粉末,溶于,微溶于酒精,与氯化钠十分相似。其无水形式(NaBr)的熔点为747 °C,沸点为1390 °C。溴化钠是工业上用途最广的无机溴化物,广泛用作溴离子源[1],在有机合成等领域用于制备其他溴化物,曾大量用于制造摄影用的溴化银显影剂。医疗上可用作镇定剂安眠药抗癫痫药英语Anticonvulsant

制备

溴化钠可以通过氢溴酸氢氧化钠碳酸钠反应制备:

HBr + NaOH → NaBr + H2O

溶液蒸发结晶可以得到溴化钠晶体。无水物在50.7℃以上结晶得到。[2]在此温度之下可以得到二水合物[3]

健康危害

溴化钠的口服毒性很低。然而,当人摄入或吸进过量该化合物后,会对中枢神经系统大脑眼睛造成伤害,同时也会引起皮肤眼睛呼吸道刺激性反应。此外,溴离子是一种累积性毒物,具有相对较长的生物半衰期(在人体中超过一周)。

参考文献

  1. ^ Michael J. Dagani, Henry J. Barda, Theodore J. Benya, David C. Sanders "Bromine Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2000. doi:10.1002/14356007.a04_405
  2. ^ Michael J. Dagani, Henry J. Barda, Theodore J. Benya, David C. Sanders "Bromine Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2000.doi页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆):doi:10.1002%2F14356007.a04_405
  3. ^ Eagleson, Mary (translated by) (1994).Concise Encyclopedia Chemistry(Illustrated, revised, English language ed.). Berlin [u.a.]: Walter De Gruyter. p. 996. ISBN页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆9783110114515页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
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溴化钠
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