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抗组胺药 .
抗组胺药 Antihistamines 药物种类 组胺化学结构
生物靶标 Histamine receptors · HRH1 · HRH2 · HRH3 · HRH4 ATC代码 R06 外部链接 MeSH D006633
抗组胺药 (英语:Antihistamine )是指组胺 受体 的拮抗剂 ,这类药物 可作用于体内的组胺受体,减少组胺的效应,从而减轻身体对过敏原 的过敏反应 [1] ,或减少胃酸 的分泌。
类型
根据药物作用的受体不同,可分为四类:
H1 抗组胺:抑制H1 受体的活性,H1 受体主要存在于肥大细胞、平滑肌、内皮细胞和脑部下丘脑的结节乳突神经核等处,H1 抗组胺可用于治疗与组胺有关的过敏反应。
H2 抗组胺:抑制H2 受体的活性,H2 受体主要存在胃黏膜的胃壁细胞 ,H2 抗组胺能减少胃酸的分泌,可用于治疗消化性溃疡及胃食管反流病。
H3 抗组胺
H4 抗组胺 H1 及H2 抗组胺是目前临床较常使用的二类抗组胺药物,而H3 及H4 抗组胺则还在实验阶段。
副作用
内用抗组胺的可能副作用有(但不限于):
抑制呼吸
昏睡(较常见于第一代抗组胺)
头痛
失眠
肠胃不适 外用的可能副作用主要是皮肤对那些药物产生过敏反应,例如出疹。
外部链接
氨基烷基醚
溴苯海拉明
Carbinoxamine
氯马斯汀
Chlorphenoxamine
Diphenylpyraline
苯海拉明
多西拉敏
Orphenadrine
Phenyltoloxamine
脂肪胺 替代物
溴苯那敏
氯苯那敏
Dexbrompheniramine (Dexbrompheniramine/pseudoephedrine )
Dexchlorpheniramine (Betamethasone/dexchlorpheniramine )
二甲茚定
非尼拉敏
Talastine
乙二胺 替代物
Chloropyramine
Histapyrrodine
Mepyramine
Methapyrilene
Tripelennamine (pyribenzamine)
吩噻嗪 衍生物
Alimemazine
Hydroxyethylpromethazine
Isothipendyl
Mequitazine
Methdilazine
奥索马嗪
盐酸异丙嗪
哌嗪 衍生物其它三环化合物 其他全身使用
Antazoline
Bamipine
依巴斯汀
依美斯汀
Mizolastine
Pyrrobutamine
Quifenadine
Triprolidine
选择使用 (Acrivastine
Astemizole
氮䓬斯汀
Bilastine
非索非那定
Terfenadine )
外用
Bamipine
Chloropyramine
Chlorphenoxamine
氯马斯汀
二甲茚定
苯海拉明
Isothipendyl
Mepyramine
盐酸异丙嗪
Thenalidine
组胺受体 调节剂
组胺受体
H2
激动剂 : Amthamine
Betazole
Dimaprit
组胺
HTMT
Impromidine
UR-AK49 拮抗剂 : Bisfentidine
Burimamide
西咪替丁
Dalcotidine
Donetidine
Ebrotidine
Etintidine
法莫替丁
Lafutidine
Lamtidine
Lavoltidine/Loxtidine
Lupitidine
Metiamide
Mifentidine
Niperotidine
Nizatidine
Osutidine
Oxmetidine
Pibutidine
Quisultazine/Quisultidine
Ramixotidine
雷尼替丁
Roxatidine
Sufotidine
Tiotidine
Tuvatidine
Venritidine
Xaltidine
H3
激动剂 : α-Methylhistamine
Cipralisant
组胺
Imetit
4-(1H-咪唑-5-基甲基)哌啶
Immethridine
Methimepip
Proxyfan 拮抗剂 : A-349,821
A-423,579
ABT-239
Betahistine
Burimamide
Ciproxifan
Clobenpropit
Conessine
GSK-189,254
Impentamine
Iodophenpropit
JNJ-5,207,852
MK-0249
NNC-38-1,049
PF-03654746
替洛利生
SCH-79,687
Thioperamide
VUF-5,681
H4
激动剂 : 4-甲基组胺
组胺
VUF-8,430 拮抗剂 : JNJ-7,777,120
Thioperamide
VUF-6,002
转运
VMAT
抑制剂: Ibogaine
利血平
Tetrabenazine
酶
抑制剂: 儿茶素
Meciadanol
Naringenin
Tritoqualine
抑制剂: Amodiaquine
苯海拉明
Harmaline
Metoprine
Quinacrine
SKF-91,488
Tacrine
其它相关
种类
♦ 异构调节 : 正向别构调节 (PAM)
负向别构调节 (NAM)
Classes
血清素受体激动剂
血清素受体拮抗剂 (5-HT3 )
血清素再摄取抑制剂 (SRI)
GABA受体刺激剂
GABA受体拮抗剂
GABA再摄取抑制剂 (GRI)
谷氨酸受体激动剂 (AMPA )
谷氨酸受体拮抗剂 (NMDA )
谷氨酸再摄取抑制剂
Cannabinoidergic
大麻素
Cannabinoid receptor antagonist
Endocannabinoid enhancer (eCBE)
Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor (eCBRI)
Opioidergic
Opioid modulator
鸦片类药物
Opioid receptor antagonist
Enkephalinase inhibitor
其他
其他
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