For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 抗组胺药.

抗组胺药

此条目需要补充更多来源。 (2020年8月10日)请协助补充多方面可靠来源改善这篇条目无法查证的内容可能会因为异议提出而被移除。致使用者:请搜索一下条目的标题(来源搜索:"抗组织胺药"网页新闻书籍学术图像),以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源(判定指引)。
抗组胺药
Antihistamines
药物种类
Histamine structure diagram
组胺化学结构
生物靶标Histamine receptors
 · HRH1
 · HRH2
 · HRH3
 · HRH4
ATC代码R06
外部链接
MeSHD006633

抗组胺药(英语:Antihistamine)是指组胺受体拮抗剂,这类药物可作用于体内的组胺受体,减少组胺的效应,从而减轻身体对过敏原过敏反应[1],或减少胃酸的分泌。

类型

根据药物作用的受体不同,可分为四类:

  • H1抗组胺:抑制H1受体的活性,H1受体主要存在于肥大细胞、平滑肌、内皮细胞和脑部下丘脑的结节乳突神经核等处,H1抗组胺可用于治疗与组胺有关的过敏反应。
  • H2抗组胺:抑制H2受体的活性,H2受体主要存在胃黏膜的胃壁细胞,H2抗组胺能减少胃酸的分泌,可用于治疗消化性溃疡及胃食管反流病。
  • H3抗组胺
  • H4抗组胺

H1及H2抗组胺是目前临床较常使用的二类抗组胺药物,而H3及H4抗组胺则还在实验阶段。

适应症

抗组胺可外用或内用,视其过敏症状的性质。

副作用

  • 内用抗组胺的可能副作用有(但不限于):
    抑制呼吸
    昏睡(较常见于第一代抗组胺)
    头痛
    失眠
    肠胃不适
  • 外用的可能副作用主要是皮肤对那些药物产生过敏反应,例如出疹。

抗组胺的例子

第一代

第二代

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ Consumer Reports, Using Antihistamines to Treat Allergies, Hay Fever, & Hives - Comparing Effectiveness, Safety, and Price (PDF), Yonkers, New York: Consumer Reports, 2013 [2018-01-27], (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-05-17) 

外部链接

{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
抗组胺药
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?