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胆碱

此条目缺少或没有列出参考或来源,或者有未能查证的内容。 (2017年8月25日)维基百科所有的内容都应该可供查证,化学类条目亦需严谨。请协助添加来自可靠来源的引用以改善这篇化学类条目无法查证的内容可能被提出异议而移除。
胆碱
Skeletal formula
Ball-and-stick model
IUPAC名
2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethan-1-aminium 2-羟基-N,N,N-三甲基乙铵
别名 2-Hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium
Bilineurine
(2-Hydroxyethyl)trimethylammonium 胆素
识别
CAS号 62-49-7(胆碱阳离子)  checkY
PubChem 305
ChemSpider 299
SMILES
 
  • C[N+](C)(C)CCO
Beilstein 1736748
Gmelin 324597
ChEBI 15354
DrugBank DB00122
KEGG C00114
IUPHAR配体 4551
性质
化学式 C5H14NO+
摩尔质量 104.17 g/mol g·mol⁻¹
外观 带潮解性的粘性液体 (胆堿的氢氧化物)。高纯度胆碱的水溶液具强碱性和腐蚀性。
溶解性 溶于水和醇
溶解性 溶于乙醇,不溶乙醚氯仿 (胆堿的氢氧化物)
危险性
GHS危险性符号
《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》(简称“GHS”)中腐蚀性物质的标签图案
GHS提示词 危险
H-术语 H314
P-术语 P260, P264, P280, P301+330+331, P303+361+353, P304+340, P305+351+338, P310, P321, P363, P405, P501
致死量或浓度:
LD50中位剂量
3–6 g/kg bw, rats, oral
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。
羟乙基三甲基铵正离子,X为保持中性的抗衡离子。

胆碱(英语:Choline),是一种甜菜碱、营养素,为构成细胞膜磷脂质的重要成分,也是人体合成甘氨酸的原料之一,广泛存在于各种食物中。1864年由 Andreas Strecker 从猪胆汁中首先分离出来,1866年被化学合成。体内的胆碱有很大一部分来源于食物。它在大肠中被分解为三甲胺。胆碱以往被归为维生素B之一,但目前认为它是具有氨基酸样代谢的营养素。[1]

胆碱被视为有助对人类脑部发展和记忆,胆素是神经递质乙酰胆碱的先质[2],参与肌肉控制、脑部记忆等功能。

参考资料

  1. ^ Rucker RB, Zempleni J, Suttie JW, McCormick DB. Handbook of vitamins 4th. Taylor & Francis. 2007: 459–477. ISBN 9780849340222. 
  2. ^ Choline (Compound). PubChem. [2021-01-13]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-21). 
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胆碱
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