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典型抗精神病药物

典型抗精神病药物(typical antipsychotics)又称第一代抗精神病药物(first generation antipsychotics),旧称强安定药[1][2][3](major tranquilizers),是一类抗精神病药物,自1950年代时开发,用于治疗精神病,尤其是思觉失调症。典型的抗精神病药也可用于治疗急性躁狂、躁动和其他病症。第一种进入医疗用途的典型抗精神病药是吩噻嗪类药物,即意外发现氯丙嗪[4]。另一类效果优异的抗精神病药物是丁酰苯类,其中一个例子是氟哌啶醇。由于典型抗精神病药物造成运动障碍的风险较高,较新的第二代抗精神病药物(非典型抗精神病药物)已相当大幅取代了前者作为一线药物的使用。

两代药物都倾向于阻断大脑多巴胺传递途径英语Dopaminergic_pathways中的受体,但据称上市时的非典型药物与典型的抗精神病药物不同,因为它们不太可能引起锥体外症候群,其中包括不稳定的帕金森氏症型运动 ,坐立难安和其他不自主运动,例如迟发性运动不能,停药后可能持续存在[5]

晚近研究表明,这些药物的副作用与旧药物相似,致领先的医学杂志《柳叶刀》在其社论中写道:“现在是时候放弃第一代和第二代抗精神病药的术语了,因为没必要这样作区别[6]。”虽然典型的抗精神病药物更容易引起锥体外症候群,但非典型药物更容易引起不利的代谢问题,例如体重增加和罹患第二型糖尿病的风险提升。 [7]

药物效力

效力 实例 不良反应概况
氟奋乃静氟哌啶醇
百非纳静英语Perphenazine洛沙平英语loxapine
氯丙嗪

苹果酸丙氯陪拉辛英语Prochlorperazine(品牌名Compazine, Buccastem, Stemetil)和派脉净(品牌名Orap)不太常用于治疗精神病状态,因此有时被排除在此分类之外。

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ 《英汉汉英医学大词典》编委会. 英汉汉英医学大词典. 学苑出版社. 1997: 842 [2024-02-26]. ISBN 9787507711585. (原始内容存档于2024-03-02). 
  2. ^ 存档副本. [2024-02-26]. (原始内容存档于2024-02-26). 
  3. ^ 张家铨.安定药的药理作用与临床应用[J].中国药学杂志, 1963, 9(4):163-170.
  4. ^ Shen WW. A history of antipsychotic drug development. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 1999, 40 (6): 407–14. PMID 10579370. doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(99)90082-2. 
  5. ^ A roadmap to key pharmacologic principles in using antipsychotics. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. 2007, 9 (6): 444–54. PMC 2139919可免费查阅. PMID 18185824. doi:10.4088/PCC.v09n0607. 
  6. ^ Tyrer P, Kendall T. The spurious advance of antipsychotic drug therapy. Lancet. January 2009, 373 (9657): 4–5. PMID 19058841. S2CID 19951248. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61765-1. 
  7. ^ Not found. www.rcpsych.ac.uk. [8 May 2018]. (原始内容存档于8 May 2018). 

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典型抗精神病药物
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