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氯苯那敏

此条目缺少或没有列出参考或来源,或者有未能查证的内容。 (2016年5月8日)维基百科所有的内容都应该可供查证,化学类条目亦需严谨。请协助添加来自可靠来源的引用以改善这篇化学类条目无法查证的内容可能被提出异议而移除。
氯苯那敏
临床资料
怀孕分级
  • : A
给药途径口服、静脉注射肌肉注射皮下注射
ATC码
法律规范状态
法律规范
药物动力学数据
生物利用度25-50%
血浆蛋白结合率72%
药物代谢CYP2D6
生物半衰期21-27小时[1]
排泄途径
识别信息
  • 3-(4-氯苯基)-N,N-二甲基 -3- 吡啶-2-基 - 丙烷-1-氨基 : 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-
    3-pyridin-2-yl-propan-1-amine
CAS号132-22-9  ☒N
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard英语CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.004.596 编辑维基数据链接
化学信息
化学式C16H19ClN2
摩尔质量274.788 g/mol
水溶性5.5 mg/mL (20 °C)

氯苯那敏(Chlorpheniramine),又称扑尔敏氯菲安明氯菲尼拉明,是在预防过敏性疾病如鼻炎荨麻疹症状时使用的第一代烷基胺抗组胺药。相比于其他第一代抗组胺药其镇静作用较弱。氯苯那敏是在兽医,小动物中最常用的抗组胺剂之一。虽然通常不作为抗抑郁药抗焦虑药,氯苯那敏似乎具有这些特性,是一种用于过敏症状的药物,属于第一代组胺H1受体拮抗剂(又称抗组胺药),化学式C16H19N2Cl。生产药品时,通常使用其盐类马来酸氯苯那敏(Chlorpheniramine maleate)。

合成机制

方法一

氯苯那敏合成机制1:D. Papa, E. Schwenk, N. Sperber, 美国专利第2,567,245号 (1951)

方法二

氯苯那敏合成机制2:由吡啶由4-氯芐基氯烷基化合成、D. Papa, E. Schwenk, N. Sperber, 美国专利第2,676,964号 (1954)

适应症及用量

减轻过敏症状,例如过敏性鼻炎(包括花粉症)、荨麻疹等。氯苯那敏可减轻流鼻涕喷嚏。用于口服时,成人剂量通常是每4至6小时服4毫克

不良反应

主要是容易令人产生睡意,其它比较常见的不良反应有头痛、小便滞留、口干、肠胃不适等。[2]

注释

  1. ^ Yasuda SU, Wellstein A, Likhari P, Barbey JT, Woosley RL. Chlorpheniramine plasma concentration and histamine H1-receptor occupancy. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1995, 58 (2): 210–20. PMID 7648771. doi:10.1016/0009-9236(95)90199-X. 
  2. ^ Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate Monograph for Professionals. Drugs.com. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [2020-02-27]. (原始内容存档于2019-07-15) (英语). 

参见

  • 苯海拉明
  • 右美沙芬
  • 盐酸吡甲胺(Tripelennamine)
  • 盐酸萘甲唑啉(Naphazoline/Naphazoline hydrochloride)
  • 氯化苄乙氧铵(芐索氯铵/Benzethonium chloride)
  • 对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(Methylparaben/Methyl parahydroxybenzoate)

外部链接

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氯苯那敏
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