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唯一分解整环


数学中,唯一分解整环(英语:Unique factorization domain,缩写:UFD)是一个整环,其中元素都可以表示成有限个不可约元素(或素元)之积,并且表示法在允许重排与相伴(associative)之下唯一,相当于满足算术基本定理的整环。

定义

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一个整环被称为唯一分解整环当且仅当中的每个非零元素皆可表示为一个可逆元和若干个不可约元素(可以是0个)的乘积:

其中是一个可逆元不可约元素是非负整数。并且如果存在的另一种表示法此表法可逆元不可约元素),则,且存在一个下标的重排可逆元使得),换句话说,存在使得相伴。

例子

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以下给出几个反例:

  • 并非唯一分解环,因为
  • 为任一交换环,则非唯一分解整环;当为域时,这在几何上对应到一个奇点。

性质

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整数的一些概念可以推广至唯一分解整环:

  • 在任意整环中,素元必为不可约元;在唯一分解整环中,不可约元必为素元。
  • 任意有限个元素有最大公约数最小公倍数,它们在至多差一个可逆元的意义下唯一。

等价条件

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  • 一个诺特整环是唯一分解整环当且仅当每个高度为一的素理想都是主理想(即:由单个元素生成)。
  • 一个整环是唯一分解整环当且仅当升链条件对主理想成立,而且任两个元素有最小公倍数
  • 一个整环是唯一分解整环当且仅当其类群为平凡群。

文献

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唯一分解整环
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