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环论


抽象代数中,环论(英语:Ring Theory)是针对一种称为代数结构之研究,环类似可交换群,有定义运算“+”,此外又定义另一种运算“·”(此处的“+”和“·”不一定是一般的加法及乘法,但和在整数中定义的加法及乘法有类似性质)。环论研究环的结构、环的代数表现方式英语representation of an algebra(或称为modules英语module (ring theory))、特殊的环(例如群环除环泛包络代数等),也包括一些和环论有关的定理以及其应用,例如同调代数、及PI环英语PI ring

交换环是指其中运算“·”符合交换律的环,本身比较容易理解。代数几何代数数论中有许多交换环的例子,也带动了交换环理论的发展,这部分后来称为交换代数,是现代数学中的主要领域之一。代数几何、代数数论及交换代数在本质上连结的非常紧密,因此有时很难去区分某特定数学原理属于哪个领域。例如希尔伯特零点定理是代数几何的基本定理,但是陈述及证明时都是以交换代数的方式进行。而费马大定理问题的形式是以基本的算术方式(属于交换代数的一部分)呈现,但其证明用到很深的代数几何及代数数论。

非交换环英语Noncommutative ring是指其中运算“·”不符合交换律的环,会有一些和交换环不同的的特殊特性。非交换环此一数学概念本身也在进展,而近来的也有一些研究将特定的非交换环以几何的方式表示,例如在(不存在的)非交换空间下的函数环。这种趋势自1980年代开始发展,也和量子群的出现同时。目前对非交换环已有多一些的认识,尤其是非交换的诺特环[1]

在“环 (代数)”条目中,有环的定义以及其基本的概念及性质。

一些有关的定理

一般:

结构定理:

脚注

  1. ^ Goodearl, K. R., Warfield, R. B., Jr., An introduction to noncommutative Noetherian rings. London Mathematical Society Student Texts, 16. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989. xviii+303 pp. ISBN 0-521-36086-2
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环论
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