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换位子群

抽象代数中,一个换位子群导群,是指由这个群的所有交换子所生成的子群,记作[G,G]、G′G(1) 。每个群都对应着一个确定的交换子群。在一个群G的所有正规子群中,交换子群G′是使得G对它的商群交换群的最小子群。在某种意义上,交换子群提供了群G的可交换程度。因为从交换子的定义:,如果x与y交换,那么。一个群内可交换的元素越多,交换子就越少,交换子群也就越小。可交换群的交换子群为平凡群

定义

给定一个群GG的交换子群或导群: [G,G]、G′G(1)G的所有交换子所生成的子群:


类似地可以定义高阶的导群。

可以证明,如果存在自然数 n 使得 ,那么G可解群

商群是一个阿贝尔群,叫做G阿贝尔化子群,通常记作GabG的阿贝尔化子群就是G的一阶同调群。

的群叫做完美群,这是与阿贝尔群相对的概念。完美群的阿贝尔化子群是单位群{e}。

性质

  1. 正规子群
  2. G对于自同构稳定:
  3. 如果H是G的子群,那么
  4. 是一个满同态,那么
  5. 如果H是G的正规子群,那么交换群,当且仅当
    证明:是一个满同态,
    所以,是交换群
  6. ,所以 可交换。

交换子群的例子

参见


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换位子群
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