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有限群

群论 基本概念 子群 · 正规子群 · 商群 · 群同态 ·  · ()直积 · 直和单群 · 有限群 · 无限群 · 拓扑群 · 群概形 · 循环群 · 幂零群 · 可解群 · 圈积 离散群 有限单群分类 循环群 Zn 交错群 An 李型群散在群马蒂厄群 M11..12,M22..24康威群 Co1..3 扬科群 J1..4 费歇尔群(英语:Fischer group)F22..24子魔群(英语:sub monster group) B魔群 M 其他有限群 对称群, Sn 二面体群, Dn 无限群 整数, Z 模群, PSL(2,Z) 和 SL(2,Z) 连续群 李群一般线性群 GL(n)特殊线性群 SL(n)正交群 O(n)特殊正交群 SO(n)酉群 U(n)特殊酉群 SU(n)辛群 Sp(n) G2 F4 E6 E7 E8 劳仑兹群庞加莱群 无限维群 共形群微分同胚群 环路群 量子群 O(∞) SU(∞) Sp(∞) 代数群 椭圆曲线线性代数群(英语:Linear algebraic group阿贝尔簇(英语:Abelian variety) .mw-parser-output .hlist ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist li,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:after{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:after{content:" :"}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-pipe li:after{content:" | ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-hyphen li:after{content:" - ";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma dd:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist-comma li:after{content:"、";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li:before{content:" "counter(listitem)" ";white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child:before{content:" ("counter(listitem)" "}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li:before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child:before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child:before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:","}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:";"}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}

数学里,有限群是有着有限多个元素的。有限群理论中的某些部分在20世纪有着很深的研究,尤其是在局部分析可解群幂零群的理论中。期望有个完整的理论是太过火了:其复杂性会随着群变得越大时而变得压倒性地巨大。

较少压倒性地,但仍然很有趣的是在有限域上的一些较小一般线性群。群论学家J. L. Alperin页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)曾写过:“有限群的典型例子为GL(n,q)-在q个元素的域上的n维一般线性群。学生在学此领域时,若以其他的例子来做介绍,则可能会被完全地误导。(Bulletin (New Series) of the American Mathematical Society, 10 (1984) 121)此类型最小的群GL(2,3)的讨论,见Visualizing GL(2,p)页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆)。

有限群和对称有直接地关接,当其被限制在有限个转变时。 其证明为,连续对称,如李群中的,也会导致有限群,如外尔群。在此一方面,有限群和其性质将能够用在如理论物理问题的重要地方,即使其用途在一开始并不显著。

每一素数的有限群都是循环群

一集合可能有的群的个数

对每一群的类型(至同构),给定有一n个元素的集合,其可能有的群的个数为n!除以自同构的阶后所得的值。

另见

外部链接

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有限群
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