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局部域

数学上局部域是一类特别的,它有非平凡的绝对值,此绝对值赋予的拓扑是局部紧的。局部域可粗分为两类:一种的绝对值满足阿基米德性质(称作阿基米德局部域),另一种的绝对值不满足阿基米德性质(称作非阿基米德局部域)。在数论中,数域完备化给出局部域的典型例子。

非阿基米德局部域

为非阿基米德局部域,而为其绝对值。关键在下述对象:

  • 闭单位球:,或其整数环,这是个紧集
  • 整数环里的单位元
  • 开单位球:,这同时是其整数环里唯一的极大理想,也记作

上述对象与赋值环的构造相呼应;事实上,可证明必存在实数离散赋值,使得

.

可取唯一的使得为满射,称之为正规化赋值

从此引出非阿基米德局部域的另一个等价定义:一个域,带离散赋值,使得成为完备的拓扑域,而且剩余域有限。

这类局部域的行为可由局部类域论描述。

分类

局部域的完整分类如次:

  • 。这些是阿基米德局部域。
  • p进数的有限扩张。这些是特征为零的非阿基米德局部域。
  • 的有限扩张(其中表有q个元素的有限域)。这些是特征非零的非阿基米德局部域。

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局部域
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