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自由对象

数学中,自由对象抽象代数中的基本概念。就其通于各种代数结构(带有限操作)而言,它也属泛代数的一支,例子包括自由群张量代数与自由格。在范畴论的框架下,可以将自由对象推广为自由函子,这是遗忘函子的左伴随函子

自由函子

范畴论为自由对象提供了普遍框架。考虑一种代数结构(如等等)的范畴。其上具有一个遗忘函子,此函子将一个对象映至其下的集合;换言之,此函子“遗忘”所有代数操作。

有左伴随函子,则称之为自由函子可以设想为由集合生成的自由对象,此时也有映射(在此滥用了符号:其实是个代数结构,而却是集合),此映射可理解为从生成元到自由对象的包含映射。

对于更一般的遗忘函子,也能考虑相应的自由函子,例如从-向量空间映至其张量代数的函子,便是从-代数映至-向量空间的遗忘函子之左伴随函子。在此意义下,张量代数有时也称为自由代数。

例子

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自由对象
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