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科瓦克辛

科瓦克辛
BBV152针剂
疫苗说明
目标SARS-CoV-2
种类灭活
临床资料
商品名英语Drug nomenclatureCovaxin
给药途径肌肉注射
ATC码
  • 未分配
法律规范状态
法律规范
识别信息
DrugBank
UNII

科瓦克辛(Covaxin,代号为BBV152),是印度的一款针对2019冠状病毒疾病的灭活疫苗,由巴拉特生物技术公司英语Bharat Biotech印度医学研究理事会英语Indian Council of Medical Research合作完成,科瓦克辛已于2021年11月3日获世卫组织发出紧急使用授权[8]

临床测试

第一及第二阶段

2020年5月,印度医学研究理事会(ICMR)国家病毒学研究所英语National Institute of Virology批准,并提供了用于开发由自己国家发明的2019冠状病毒疾病疫苗[9][10]。2020年6月,印度药品管理局(DCGI)批准疫苗进入第一及第二阶段的人体临床测试,并取名为科瓦克辛(Covaxin)[11]。印度医学研究理事会的第一及第二阶段的人体临床测试中共有十二个地点,并对疫苗进行临床测试的人进行双盲和安慰剂对照[12][13][14]

2020年12月,该公司宣布了阶段试验的报告,并通过MedRxiv提出了结果[15][16],该报告后来在《柳叶刀》中发表[17]

2021年3月8日,第二阶段结果发表于《柳叶刀》。该研究表明,第二期试验具有更高的免疫反应和引起的T细胞反应。由于第一阶段对比的给药方案的差异,一般在第一阶段完成后的2周内给出的第二阶段的剂量,在4周内给出,而不是在第一阶段完成后的2周内给出。结果显示第二阶段的疫苗的响应显著上升[18]

第三阶段

2020年11月,科瓦克辛疫苗在完成第一和第二阶段段后[19],批准进行第三阶段人类试验[20]。该试验涉及在18岁及以上年龄组的随机志愿者,并于11月25日开始双盲、安慰剂对照研究[21]。第三阶段涉及来自印度的大约26,000名志愿者[22]。第三阶段试验共涵盖了该国的几个州 ,共22个地点,包括德里卡纳塔克西孟加拉邦[23]。第三阶段验的拒绝率远高于第一和第二阶段。因此,12月22日仅招募了13,000名志愿者,而1月5日的人数增加到23,000人[24][25]

截至2021年3月,第三阶段的结果临时疗效率为81%[18][26]

B.1.1.7 变种病毒

2020年12月,在英国确定了一个新的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2变种B.1.1.7谱系(VOC-202012/01,又称Alpha谱系)[27]。透过对该变种病毒的研究,并在bioRxiv中发出的初步结果表明,科瓦克辛疫苗对该变种病毒有效[28]

制造商

疫苗用巴拉特生物技术公司内部的Vero细胞制造生产[29],具有提供约3000万剂的能力[30]。该公司正在印度泰伦加纳邦海得拉巴在其基因谷中设立第二个工厂来制造科瓦克辛疫苗。该公司与如奥里萨邦的其他州政府谈判[31],为国家制作疫苗。除此之外,它们还发展了科瓦克辛疫苗与全球的合作[32]

2020年12月,Ocugen, Inc.与巴拉特生物技术公司合作,共同为科瓦克辛疫苗开发美国市场[33][34]。2021年1月,精准药物(precisa medicamentos)与巴拉特生物技术公司达成协议,在巴西提供科瓦克辛疫苗[35]

紧急使用授权

巴拉特生物技术公司向申请印度药品管理局(DCGI)和印度政府申请紧急使用授权[36]。科瓦克辛(Covaxin)是继印度血清研究所的印度版阿斯利康疫苗(Covishield)、辉瑞BioNTech合作研发的辉瑞疫苗之后,第三种获印度政府批核紧急使用权的新型冠状病毒病预防疫苗[37]

2021年1月2日,中央药物标准控制组织英语Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation(CDSCO)建议申获得紧急使用权的许可[38],并于1月3日授予[39]。因在第三阶段测试数据发布之前给出了紧急批准,所以在一些媒体中受到批评[40][41]

伊朗津巴布韦批准紧急使用科瓦克辛疫苗[2][3]。2021年3月18日,毛里求斯收到了首次科瓦克辛疫苗的供应[4]。2021年3月19日,尼泊尔于也授予科瓦克辛疫苗紧急使用权[5]。2021年3月29日,巴拉圭收到100,000剂的科瓦克辛疫苗[5]。2021年4月7日,墨西哥对科瓦克辛疫苗发出紧急使用授权[7]

2021年11月3日,印度国产疫苗科瓦克辛(Covaxin)获世卫组织紧急授权,根据临床试验第3期,保护力达78%,是第七款由世卫组织发出紧急使用授权的新型冠状病毒病预防疫苗[42][43]

参考文献

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科瓦克辛
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