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马来穿山甲

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马来穿山甲
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 哺乳纲 Mammalia
目: 鳞甲目 Pholidota
科: 穿山甲科 Manidae
属: 穿山甲属 Manis
种:
马来穿山甲 M. javanica
二名法
Manis javanica
Desmarest, 1822

马来穿山甲学名Manis javanica),又名爪哇穿山甲爪哇鲮鲤,是东南亚的一种穿山甲,分布在泰国印尼菲律宾越南老挝柬埔寨马来西亚新加坡中国云南部分地区)。牠们大部分时间都是在树上休息或觅食。[2]

特征

马来穿山甲的爪厚及强壮,可以挖开蚂蚁的巢及撕开白蚁的土堆。牠们没有牙齿舌头很长及带有黏性,用来捕食蚂蚁及白蚁。牠们的身体由一列列的鳞片及纤毛覆盖。脚部的皮肤呈粿粒状的,前肢上有垫。牠们的尾巴上有30个鳞片。牠们体长约65厘米,尾巴长56厘米,重达10公斤。雄性较雌性大只。牠们的近亲是中华穿山甲,但体型较大,颜色较浅,前爪较短。

行为

马来穿山甲每年会产1-2只幼穿山甲。牠们会在秋天交配,到了冬天就产子。出生后的幼穿山甲约需3个月的照顾。

马来穿山甲很多时都是独居的,晚间活动及很胆小。牠们的天敌有云豹。当感到威胁时,牠们会卷曲成球状来保护腹部柔软的部位。牠们会在近白蚁的土堆及蚂蚁的巢穴筑巢,并以植物覆盖来保温[3],其巢穴可以帮助土壤通风。[4]

与人类关系

马来穿山甲的皮肤、皮革及肉都是人类猎杀的目的。传统误认为一些部位有中医药的疗效,但此说并没有科学根据。[2]当地人用牠们的皮革来制成驱散风湿热的符咒,皮肤则用来制鞋。尼泊尔人认为牠们子宫的抽取物可以安胎。人类会挖开牠们的巢穴来捕猎牠们,或是以辣椒的气味来逼出牠们。

保育

马来穿山甲列在濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约的附录II中,表示任何从野外捕猎的商业用途均被禁止。在多个不同国家及地区均禁止出口及贸易。[1]

参考

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Challender, D., Nguyen Van, T., Shepherd, C., Krishnasamy, K., Wang, A., Lee, B., Panjang, E., Fletcher, L., Heng, S., Seah Han Ming, J., Olsson, A., Nguyen The Truong, A., Nguyen Van, Q. & Chung, Y. Manis javanica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014. [2014-07-29]. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Nowark, R. Walker's Mammals of the World Sixth Edition. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. 1999. 
  3. ^ Medway, L. The Wild Mammals of Malaya. London: Oxford University Press. 1969. 
  4. ^ Heath, M. Manis pentadactyla. Mammalian Species. 1992, 414: 1–6. 

外部链接

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马来穿山甲
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