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2019冠状病毒疾病疫情对新闻界的影响

2019冠状病毒疾病疫情严重影响了新闻行业以及记者的工作广告收益大幅减少,许多地方报纸因此承受了严重的经济损失。记者失业、出版物遭受停刊,一些订阅制的新闻报刊也在疫情期间内减少了相关订阅费。[1][2][3][4]

新闻工作者在疫情期间积极对相关误导资讯进行辟谣,向大众提供了公共卫生方面的追踪报道,并提供了一些娱乐消遣,以帮助人们正确应对病毒带来的影响。[5]疫情持续时间长可能导致 COVID-19 资讯疲劳,这可能对记者构成挑战。

审查制度

在一些国家记者因报道2019冠状病毒疾病疫情而遭受威胁或逮捕[6] ,这些国家包括土耳其[7]埃及[8]印度[9]孟加拉[10]伊拉克[11]伊朗[12]尼日利亚[13]埃塞俄比亚[14]肯尼亚[15]象牙海岸[16]津巴布韦[17]委内瑞拉[18]白俄罗斯[19]黑山[20]科索沃[21]哈萨克斯坦[22]阿塞拜疆[23]马来西亚[24]新加坡[25]菲律宾[26]索马里[27]

Roya电视台英语Ro'ya(阿拉伯语:قناة رؤيا الفضائية‎)的老板Fares Sayegh和新闻主任Mohamad al-Khalidi被约旦当局逮捕,因其在4月中旬报道了宵禁下的工人们失去工作,不能维持家庭开支的困境。[28]

3月16日,罗马尼亚总统克劳斯·约翰尼斯签署了一项紧急法令,授权当局举报、删除、或关闭发表2019冠状病毒疾病疫情“假新闻”的网站,并且禁止一切申诉。[29][30]

缅甸,有221个新闻网站被封禁,[31]其中包括几家当地主流媒体网站。[32]

2020年5月5日,菲律宾国家电信委员会英语National Telecommunications Commission (Philippines)对菲律宾最大的媒体公司ABS-CBN发布了一条停播令,迫使其暂停所有实体广播频道的运营。[33]有指控称下达停播的缘由,是因ABS-CBN电视网英语ABS-CBN (TV network)对总统罗德里戈·杜特尔特做出过批评性的报道。[34]在停播令下达后,ABS-CBN媒体集团在一份声明中表示,“ABS-CBN被禁止在今晚电视台以及电台进行播出,数百万菲律宾群众将失去他们的资讯和娱乐来源,” 并且称“在国家应对冠状病毒疫情的过程中,人们需要重要且及时的讯息。”[35]

澳大利亚

美国网络新闻媒体公司BuzzFeed宣布终止在澳大利亚英国的新闻业务,部分原因来自疫情导致的广告收益下滑,并将四名在澳大利亚的员工停职。[36]

加拿大

加拿大,因受疫情影响,许多新闻媒体公司面临裁员或者关闭的巨大挑战。

大西洋省份SaltWire Network英语SaltWire Network宣布停产所有周刊三个月,只有它的四大日报——《纪事通讯英语The Chronicle Herald》(The Chronicle Herald)、《布雷顿角邮报英语Cape Breton Post》(Cape Breton Post)、《卫报英语The Guardian (Charlottetown)》(The Guardian)和《电报英语The Telegram》(The Telegram)——仍在继续生产。[37][38]此外,在新斯科舍省的省会哈利法克斯当地,《海岸英语The Coast (newspaper)》(The Coast)进行了大幅裁员。[37]

Postmedia英语Postmedia Network媒体网络公司在马尼托巴省宣布停印《Altona Red River Valley Echo》、《Carman Valley Leader》、《Interlake Spectator, Morden Times, Selkirk Journal》、《Stonewall Argus & Teulon Times》、《Winkler Times》等报纸,在安大略省宣布停产《Kingsville Reporter》、《Windsor-Essex's Lakeshore News》、《LaSalle Post》、《Tecumseh Shoreline Week》、《Tilbury Times》等报纸。此外,Postmedia媒体网络公司英语Postmedia Network的《纳帕内指南英语The Napanee Guide》(The Napanee Guide)和《巴黎之星》(Paris Star)则是停止了纸质印刷出版,而改为提供线上版本。[39]

Torstar英语Torstar公司旗下的出版社Metroland Media英语Metroland Media Group宣布停印《Beach-East York Neighbourhood Voice》、《Bloor West-Parkdale Neighbourhood Voice》 和 《York-City Centre Neighbourhood Voice》 三份报纸。[40]《The Caledon Enterprise》报纸关闭了位于安大略省博尔顿市英语Bolton, Ontario的办公所,当地员工被转移至同省密西沙加市,使用由Brampton Guardian报社和Mississauga News报社共享的新闻工作室。[41]

魁北克地区,CN2i公司从三月份以来将旗下六份日报改版成周报,致其143名员工遭停职。[42]

Torstar英语Torstar公司的《星岛日报》不再供应免费的纸质印刷版周刊。运营了60年的《加拿大犹太新闻英语Canadian Jewish News》(Canadian Jewish News)如今也不得不永久停止业务。[43][44]成立于1925年的《温尼伯犹太新闻邮报》(Winnipeg's The Jewish News and Post)也停印报刊,改为提供线上版本。[45]

印度

截至2020年5月4日,有大约100名印度记者冠状病毒被检测为阳性,Jai Maharashtra英语Jai Maharashtra媒体公司有15名员工被感染,而Punjab Kesari英语Punjab Kesari报刊社则有19名。[46]印度媒体报道了各地因疫情而导致的失业、减薪以及报刊停刊等现象。[47][48][49][50]

英国

在英国,众多新闻媒体称广告业务在疫情期间急剧下滑。英国数码化、文化、媒体和体育大臣奥利弗·道登称,因疫情影响,英国媒体公司的本地和国际报刊的发行总量都在急剧下降,新闻界将面临史上“最严重的生存危机。”[51]

2020年3月20日,伦敦商报City A.M.英语City A.M.停印纸质版报刊,并且宣布将在四月份对员工减薪50%。[52]

一些独立媒体,例如独立报、indy100等,对员工进行减薪,并将部分员工停职。[53]

美国网络新闻媒体公司BuzzFeed因疫情期间广告业务的下滑,宣布结束其在英国以及澳大利亚的业务,其在英国的十位新闻工作者也因此被停职。[36]

每日镜报》和《每日快报》所属集团Reach plc(曾名Trinity Mirror)在2020年4月报道其总营业额在该季度下滑近30%。[54]

美国

在美国,冠状病毒疫情的爆发使得几家大型报刊出版商,比如彭博社纽约时报华尔街日报,暂停或者缩减了他们的付费订阅服务,[55][56]许多地方报刊在疫情爆发之前就已陷入了巨大的经济危机。[56]许多在受疫情影响的都市发布的报刊在经济压力下宣布了裁员,其中包括譬如华盛顿州西雅图市的《陌生人英语The Stranger (newspaper)》(The Stranger)和德克萨斯州首府奥斯汀的《奥斯汀纪事》(Austin Chronicle)。许多报刊极度依赖于公众活动来产生收益,但由于疫情的影响,使得各地的活动不得不中断、延期或是取消,导致许多报刊面临着极大的经济压力。[56][57]

为了不让广告被置于疫情相关报道旁而产生可能的负面影响(比如防疫资讯遮盖或使认知错误),互联网广告商在疫情期间也减少了广告的放投。[58]

另见

参考链接

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2019冠状病毒疾病疫情对新闻界的影响
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