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奥勒良城墙

奥勒良城墙
罗马的一部分
意大利
红色为奥勒良城墙;黑色为公元前4世纪的塞维安城墙
高度10米
设施信息
拥有者意大利政府
公众开放对公众开放
现状保存部分:半毁或部分修复
历史
建于271-275AD
材料混凝土

砂浆
拆卸部分在中世纪
事件Sack of Rome英语Sack of Rome
Siege of Rome英语Siege of Rome
攻占罗马
驻军状态
派驻部队禁卫军

奥勒良城墙意大利语Mura aureliane)是罗马的一道城墙,修建于公元271年到275年,罗马皇帝奥勒良普罗布斯在位时期。

奥勒良城墙环绕了整个罗马七座山丘,加上战神广场,以及台伯河右岸的特拉斯提弗列区。城内部分的河岸似乎是不设防的,但是沿着战神广场的部分肯定是设防的。

奥勒良城墙全长19公里,城内面积13.7平方公里。城墙用砖和混凝土建造,厚3.5米,高8米,每100罗马尺(29.6米)有一个方塔。

在5世纪,城墙高度加高一倍,达到16米。到公元500年,城墙拥有383个塔楼、7,020个垛口、18个主要城门,5个边门、116个厕所,以及2,066个对外窗口。[1]

历史

哨兵通道

到公元3世纪,罗马城的边界已经远远超出了公元前4世纪共和国时期修建的塞维安城墙的范围。在随后几个世纪的扩张和巩固时期,罗马一直是不设防的。在三世纪危机期间,蛮族部落冲进边境,对于防御的需要变得急迫起来。公元270年,汪达尔人侵入意大利北部,发生普拉森提亚(今皮亚琴察)战役。次年夏天,罗马城发生工人起义,数千人在激战中死亡[2]

奥勒良兴建城墙,是作为应对270年蛮族入侵的一项紧急措施,历史学家奥雷利厄斯·维克多指出,这项工程旨在缓解城市的脆弱性[3]

图片

参见

外部链接

参考文献

  1. ^ Claridge, Amanda (1998). Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide, First, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1998, pp. 59, 332-335. ISBN 0-19-288003-9
  2. ^ Aldrete, Gregory S (2004). Daily Life In The Roman City: Rome, Pompeii, And Ostia, Greenwood Press, 2004, pp. 41-42. ISBN 031333174X
  3. ^ Aurelius Victor, De Caesaribus. 35, 7.

41°52′24″N 12°29′56″E / 41.87333°N 12.49889°E / 41.87333; 12.49889

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奥勒良城墙
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