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鱼子酱

鱼子酱(俄语:чёрная икра,英语:Caviar)是用从身上的鱼卵制成的酱,与松露肥肝并称为“西方三大珍馐”,世界上的大多数鱼子酱都产自俄罗斯伊朗两国,其中尤以俄罗斯为最多,但是鱼子酱经常被使用在法国菜上,而不是俄罗斯菜伊朗菜

定义

虽然几乎所有种类的鱼卵都可被做成鱼子酱,但严格来说以鲟科的卵制成的才是鱼子酱。传统上最上等的鱼子酱是产自欧洲鳇贝鲁嘉鱼子酱英语Beluga caviar,而阿斯特拉鱼子酱英语Ossetra塞夫鲁加鱼子酱英语Sevruga caviar仅次之,鱼子酱可以放入汤中或夹面包来吃,单点则多以小圆煎饼与发泡鲜奶油作搭配。

日本料理中也经常用鱼子酱制作寿司等,但是和西方鱼子酱完全不同,名称也不叫鱼子酱,而是“鲑鱼卵”和“鲱鱼卵”,颜色橘红鲜艳并带有浓厚腌渍醋味。

各国的鱼子酱

因为俄罗斯和伊朗靠近里海,历史上两国出产的上等鱼子酱一度占全世界市场的95%;此外俄罗斯与中国交界处的阿穆尔河(黑龙江)中生活着达氏鳇,也能出产鱼子酱。在中国黑龙江省浙江省,鱼子酱产业是新兴的高附加值产业。苏联解体后,鱼子酱生产的限制一度被放开,市场欣欣向荣,但在短短十年间,过度捕捞又使野生鲟鱼在 2000 年成为濒危物种,野生鲟鱼的捕捞又再次受到限制。

中国大陆生产的鱼子酱份额达到市场份额的35%,并且来自浙江千岛湖的卡露伽鱼子酱(“卡露伽”为达氏鳇英文名Kaluga的音译)成为了世界上最昂贵的鱼子酱[1][2]

英文中的Caviar有时也不会单指鱼子酱,有时也会指由各种东西或液体制成的,形似鱼子酱的东西;像是咖啡鱼子酱英语Caviar de café或是墨鱼汁鱼子酱英语Caviar l'encre de seiche

图集

参考文献

  1. ^ Your High Quality Caviar Might Just Be Made in China. Time. [2018-03-24]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-09) (英语). 
  2. ^ The World’s Best Caviar Doesn’t Come From Russia Anymore. Bloomberg.com. 2017-09-19 [2018-03-24]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-12) (英语). 

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鱼子酱
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