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无平方因子数

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无平方因子数[1](英语:square-free integer)是指其约数中,没有一个是平方数正整数。简言之,将一个这样的数予以素因数分解后,所有素因数都不会大于或等于2。例如:54=,由于54有约数是平方数(),所以54不是无平方因子数;而55=,55没有约数是平方数,所以55是无平方因子数。

以数学概念说明:若一个数是无平方因子数,则对于任意平方数;或者说当皆为素数时,对于任意而言,

另一方面,默比乌斯函数当且仅当为无平方因子数时

前20个无平方约数的数是:1235671011131415171921222326293031OEIS数列A005117

由于无平方因子数的所有素因数指数均为一次方,故除1以外,有关数的正约数数目必定是2的非负整数次方

将无平方因子数分解为两数之积,这两数一定互素[查证请求][来源请求][原创研究?]

依定义,显然所有的素数楔形数素数阶乘与有4个正约数的半素数都是无平方因子数。

不含平方因子的数的分布

如果用Q(x)来表示1和x之间的不含平方因子的数,则:

因此,不含平方因子的数的自然密度为:

其中ζ是黎曼ζ函数

类似地,如果用Q(x,n)来表示1和x之间的不含n次方因子的数,则我们可以证明:

参考文献

  1. ^ 张鸿林; 葛显良. 英汉数学词汇. 清华大学出版社. 2005: 703. ISBN 9787302098935. square-free number 无平方因子数 
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无平方因子数
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