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高合成数

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古氏积木为例,说明前四个高合成数:1, 2, 4, 6

高合成数(highly composite number)指一类整数,任何比它小的自然数因子数目均比这个数的因子数目少。这个词是由斯里尼瓦瑟·拉马努金所创建。但是让-皮埃尔·卡汗英语Jean-Pierre Kahane认为柏拉图已有提出此一概念,柏拉图认为城市理想的人口数为5040,因为这个数的因子数量多过任何一个比小于它的数[1]

以数字6为例,小于6的数字中,因子最多的数是4,有3个因子(1,2,4),而6有4个因子(1,2,3,6),因此6是高合成数。

高合成数的名称容易让人误以为其中都是合成数,其实前二个高合成数1和2都不是合成数。

最小的20个高合成数为:

1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, 720, 840, 1260, 1680, 2520, 5040, 7560, OEISA002182
正因子个数 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 16, 18, 20, 24, 30, 32, 36, 40, 48, 60, 64, OEISA002183

高度合成数有无限个。为了证明这点,可用反证法。假设是最大的高度合成数。显然有更多因子,所以才是最大的高度合成数,矛盾,故高度合成数有无限个。

大于6的高度合成数亦是丰数

这些数常见于量度系统,在工程设计亦很常用,因为它们在分数计算时很方便。

Q(x)表示所有小于或等于x的高度合成数的数目,则存在两个均大于1的常数,使得∶

相关条目

参考资料

  1. ^ Kahane, Jean-Pierre, Bernoulli convolutions and self-similar measures after Erdős: A personal hors d'oeuvre, Notices of the American Mathematical Society, February 2015, 62 (2): 136–140 . Kahane 引用柏拉图的《法律篇》 771c.

外部的连结

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高合成数
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