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多重完全数

多重完全数multiply perfect number)为一数学名词,是一种广义的完全数

针对一自然数k,自然数nk重完全数的充份必要条件n所有正约数的和(即除数函数σ(n))等于nk倍,此定义下,完全数的除数函数为本身的2倍,因此是2重完全数。不论k的数值为何,k重完全数都属于多重完全数。至2004年7月为止.已经找到k为11的多重完全数。

可以证明:

  • 针对一素数p,若np重完全数且p无法整除n,则pn为(p+1)重完全数。因此可推得若整数n3重完全数,可被2整除但不能可被4整除,其充份必要条件是n/2需为奇数的完全数,至2012年12月为止,尚未发现任何奇数的完全数。
  • 若3n为4k重完全数,且3无法整除n,则n为3k-重完全数。

最小的k重完全数

以下列出k <= 7时,各k值最小的k重完全数(OEIS数列A007539):

k 最小的k重完全数 发现者
1 1 不可考
2 6 不可考
3 120 不可考
4 30240 勒内·笛卡儿,约在1638年
5 14182439040 勒内·笛卡儿,约在1638年
6 154345556085770649600 罗伯特·丹尼·卡迈克尔, 1907
7 141310897947438348259849402738485523264343544818565120000 TE Mason, 1911

例如,120的除数函数满足以下的关系:

1+2+3+4+5+6+8+10+12+15+20+24+30+40+60+120 = 360 = 3 × 120.

120的除数函数为120的三倍,因此为3重完全数:

参考资料

外部链接

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多重完全数
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