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真因子和数列

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选择一个正整数作为一个数列的开首,数列的之后的项都是上一项的真因子之和(因数函数),即:

这样组成的数列称为真因子和数列(aliquot sequence)。

例如取10为首项,之后是(任何质数的唯一真因子都是1,1没有真因子)。

真因子和数列有几种可能的发展方式:

  • 在1结束:好像上面的10、任何质数、18() ……(OEIS:A080907
  • 循环不断:对于完全数、相亲数、相亲数链的成员,真因子和数列是循环的。如果有些数本身并不属于上述提到那类数,却因为数项中有些项的真因子之和属于那类数,而有循环的真因子和数列,它们称为aspiring numbers(OEIS:A063769)。譬如:
    1. 完美数:28, 28, 28...
    2. 四环相亲数链的成员1264460:1264460, 1547860, 1727636, 1305184, 1264460, ....
    3. aspiring number 95:95, 25, 6, 6, 6,
  • 不循环地一直延续下去:19世纪数学家欧仁·查理·卡塔兰猜想任何真因子和数列都是按上面两种方式延续下去,但人们不但未能证明或推翻这个猜想,而且不能确定一些整数的真因子和数列。在1至1000之间,便有五个这样的数,它们称为Lehmer Five —— 276, 552, 564, 660, 966。截止2007年7月,1至105间有909个这样的数,1至106间有9466个。

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真因子和数列
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