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卓越数

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数论中,卓越数是正因数个数是完全数,正因数之和(包括本身)也是完全数的数[1]

12是最小的卓越数。其正因数有1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12,正因数个数为6,是一个完全数。而正因数和 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 6 + 12 = 28,是另一个完全数。

目前已知的卓越数只有二个,分别是12和(2126)(261 − 1)(231 − 1)(219 − 1)(27 − 1)(25 − 1)(23 − 1) (OEIS数列A081357).[2]。第二个卓越数共有76位数:

6086555670238378989670371734243169622657830773351885970528324860512791691264
其正因数的个数为(126+1)26 = (27-1)26 = 8128,是第4个完全数
其正因数的和为(2126+1-1)261+31+19+7+5+3 = (2127-1)2126,2127-1是第12个梅森素数,若2n-1是梅森素数,(2n-1)2n-1就是完全数。

参考资料

  1. ^ MathPages article, "Sublime Numbers"页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  2. ^ Clifford A. Pickover, Wonders of Numbers, Adventures in Mathematics, Mind and Meaning New York: Oxford University Press (2003): 215

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卓越数
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