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超完全数

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超完全数superperfect number)是指一正整数 n 满足下式:

其中σ为除数函数。超完全数可视为一种广义的完全数,其英文superperfect number是由Suryanarayana在1969年开始使用[1]

以4为例,4的约数有1, 2, 4,除数函数,其约数为1, 7,,因此, 4是超完全数。

头几个超完全数是:

2, 4, 16, 64, 4096, 65536, 262144 (OEIS数列A019279)。

n是偶数的超完全数,则n一定是2的乘幂2k,而且2k+1-1为梅森素数[1][2]

目前还不知道是否存在奇数的超完全数,若存在奇数的超完全数nn会是一个平方数,且n或σ(n)需为三个相异素数的倍数[2]。已知在小于7x1024的整数中没有奇数的超完全数[1]

广义的超完全数

完全数及超完全数都可视为是范围更大的m-超完全数的特例,m-超完全数满足下式:

m=1及2时分别是完全数及超完全数,若m ≥ 3,不存在偶数的m-超完全数[1]

m-超完全数则是(m,k)-完全数的特例,(m,k)-完全数满足下式[3]

若依此表示法,一般的完全数为(1,2)-完全数,多重完全数是(1,k)-完全数,超完全数是(2,2)-完全数,m-超完全数则是(m,2)-完全数[4]。以下是一个(m,k)-完全数的范例:

m k (m,k)-完全数 OEIS 数列
2 3 8, 21, 512 A019281
2 4 15, 1023, 29127 A019282
2 6 42, 84, 160, 336, 1344, 86016, 550095, 1376256, 5505024 A019283
2 7 24, 1536, 47360, 343976 A019284
2 8 60, 240, 960, 4092, 16368, 58254, 61440, 65472, 116508, 466032, 710400, 983040, 1864128, 3932160, 4190208, 67043328, 119304192, 268173312, 1908867072 A019285
2 9 168, 10752, 331520, 691200, 1556480, 1612800, 106151936 A019286
2 10 480, 504, 13824, 32256, 32736, 1980342, 1396617984, 3258775296 A019287
2 11 4404480, 57669920, 238608384 A019288
2 12 2200380, 8801520, 14913024, 35206080, 140896000, 459818240, 775898880, 2253189120 A019289
3 任意数 12, 14, 24, 52, 98, 156, 294, 684, 910, 1368, 1440, 4480, 4788, 5460, 5840, ... A019292
4 任意数 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 26, 32, 39, 42, 60, 65, 72, 84, 96, 160, 182, ... A019293

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Guy (2004) p.99
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Weisstein, Eric W. (编). Superperfect Number. at MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. Wolfram Research, Inc. (英语). 
  3. ^ Cohen & te Riele (1996)
  4. ^ Guy (2007) p.79
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超完全数
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