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M49

M49
哈伯太空望远镜在2009年9月14日拍摄的M49。
观测数据
历元J2000
星座 室女座
赤经 12h 29m 46.7s[1]
赤纬 +08° 00′ 02″[1]
视直径(V) 10.2 × 8.3 moa[1]
视星等(V)9.4[1]
特征
类型E2,[1] LINER[1]
天体测定
径向速度 997 ± 7[1]km/s
红移 0.003326 ± 0.000022[1]
银心速度 929 ± 7[1] km/s
距离 55.9 ± 2.3 Mly(17.14 ± 0.71 Mpc
其他编号
NGC 4472[1]UGC 7629[1]PGC 41220[1]Arp 134[1]
参考星表
SIMBAD Search M49 data
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参见:星系星系列表

M 49,也称为梅西耶49NGC 4472,是一个巨大的椭圆星系,位置在赤道星座室女座内,距离地球约5,600万光年。这个星系是天文学家梅西耶在1777年发现的[a]

做为一个椭圆星系,M49还有电波星系的物理形态,但它只有正常星系的电波发射。从检测到的电波发射情况来看,核心区域大约为1053 尔格(1046 J或1022 YJ)的同步加速能量[2]。这个星系的核心正在发射X射线,这表明核心可能有一个超大质量黑洞,估计质量为5.65 × 108 太阳质量(或太阳质量的5.65亿倍)[3][b],X射线的发射显示M49的北侧有一个弓形震波的结构。在核心的西南方向,星系发光的轮廓可以追溯到26万秒差距的距离[4]。在它内部唯一的超新星是SN 1969Q[5],这是在1969年发现的[6][c]

这个星系拥有许多球状星团:估计大约有5,900个。这远远超过围绕银河系运行的大约200个,但相较于围绕着超巨型椭圆星系M87运行的13,450个仍相形见拙。平均而言,M49的球状星团大约有100亿年的历史[7]。在2000年至2009年间,发现在这个星系中有恒星质量黑洞的强烈证据。在2011年又宣告有第二个候选者[8]

M 49是第一个被发现室女座星系团的成员[9]。它是这个星系团中最明亮的一员,也比任何一个离地球更近的星系更明亮。这个星系属于星系团中较小的室女座B子集团,距离以M87为中心的室女座星系团动力学中心4.5°[7][10]。M49与矮星系不规则星系UGC 7636,有相互的引力作用[4]。矮星系显示的碎片轨迹跨越大约1 × 5 弧分,相当于6 × 30 kpc的实际尺寸[11]

参考资料和注解

  1. ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 1.12 NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database, Results for NGC 4472, [2006-09-26], (原始内容存档于2021-05-26). 
  2. ^ Ekers, R. D.; Kotanyi, C. G., NGC 4472 – A very weak radio galaxy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, June 1978, 67 (1): 47–50, Bibcode:1978A&A....67...47E. 
  3. ^ Loewenstein, Michael; et al, Chandra Limits on X-Ray Emission Associated with the Supermassive Black Holes in Three Giant Elliptical Galaxies, The Astrophysical Journal, July 2001, 555 (1): L21–L24 [2021-03-20], Bibcode:2001ApJ...555L..21L, S2CID 14873290, arXiv:astro-ph/0106326可免费查阅, doi:10.1086/323157, (原始内容存档于2021-05-26). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Irwin, Jimmy A.; Sarazin, Craig L., X-Ray Evidence for the Interaction of the Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4472 with Its Virgo Cluster Environment, The Astrophysical Journal, November 1996, 471 (2): 683, Bibcode:1996ApJ...471..683I, doi:10.1086/177998. 
  5. ^ NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database, Results for supernova search near name "NGC 4472", [2007-02-12], (原始内容存档于2011-05-14). 
  6. ^ Barbon, R.; et al, A revised supernova catalogue, Astronomy & Astrophysics Supplement Series, 1984, 58: 735–750, Bibcode:1984A&AS...58..735B. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Cohen, Judith G.; Blakeslee, J. P.; Côté, P., The Ages and Abundances of a Sample of Globular Clusters in M49 (NGC 4472), The Astrophysical Journal, August 2003, 592 (2): 866–883, Bibcode:2003ApJ...592..866C, S2CID 118909977, arXiv:astro-ph/0304333可免费查阅, doi:10.1086/375865. 
  8. ^ Maccarone, Thomas J.; et al, A new globular cluster black hole in NGC 4472, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, January 2011, 410 (3): 1655–1659, Bibcode:2011MNRAS.410.1655M, S2CID 119089679, arXiv:1008.2896可免费查阅, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17547.x. 
  9. ^ Thompson, Robert Bruce; Thompson, Barbara Fritchman, Illustrated guide to astronomical wonders, DIY science, O'Reilly Media, Inc.: 492, 2007, ISBN 978-0-596-52685-6. 
  10. ^ Sandage, A.; Bedke, J., Carnegie Atlas of Galaxies, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1994, ISBN 978-0-87279-667-6. 
  11. ^ McNamara, Brian R.; et al, A violent interaction between the dwarf galaxy UGC 7636 and the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 4472, The Astronomical Journal, September 1994, 108 (3): 844–850, Bibcode:1994AJ....108..844M, doi:10.1086/117116. 
  1. ^ On February 16
  2. ^ 在太阳系外天文学的一般维度上,这些都是中等程度的估计
  3. ^ In June

外部链接


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M49
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