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M34 (疏散星团)

梅西耶34
2微米全天巡天M34影像
红外线频谱的假色)
观测资料 (J2000.0 历元)
星座英仙座[1]
赤经02h 42.1m[2]
赤纬+42° 46′[2]
距离1,500 光年 (470 pc[3])
视星等 (V)5.5[1]
视大小 (V)35.0′[1]
物理特征
半径7 ly
估计年龄2亿至2.5亿年[3]
其他特征NGC 1039, OCl 382, C 0238+425[2]
相关条目:疏散星团NGC天体表

M34NGC 1039)是在英仙座的一个疏散星团。它可能在1654年之前就被乔瓦尼·巴蒂斯塔·霍迪纳英语Giovanni Batista Hodierna发现[4],并在1764年被夏尔·梅西耶收录在他的类似彗星天体目录中。 梅西耶描述其为"一群略低于仙女座γ,平行排列的小星星。一架3英尺长的普通望远镜就可以分辨出恒星。" [1]

基于8.38距离模数,这个星团的距离大约是470秒差距或1,500光年 [3]。M34大约包含400颗质量介于0.12至1.0太阳质量的恒星[5],在天空的跨距大约35',这意味着真实的半径约为7.5光年[6]。在远离城市的灯光,在足够黑暗的条件下,肉眼就可以看见这个星团。在光污染有限的环境下,可以使用双筒望远镜观看[1]

这个星团的年龄介于昴宿星团的一亿年与毕宿星团的八亿年之间。观测到的恒星光谱与恒星演化模型预测,给出M34的年龄估计值是2亿至2.5亿年[3]。这大约是0.5太阳质量的恒星进入主序带的年龄。做为比较,像太阳这样的恒星只要3,000万年就进入主序带[5]

天文学家将原子序高于氦的元素都称为金属。这表现在铁元素与氢的对数比值,与太阳中相同的值来比较。对于M34,金属量的比值是[Fe/H] = +0.07 ± 0.04。这相当于铁的比例比太阳高17%。除了镍的丰度不足之外,其它元素的丰度都相似[7]

这个星团中,至少有19颗白矮星。这些是高达8太阳质量的祖恒星,通过主序星演化而来,不再参与核聚变来产生能量的恒星残骸。and the last is a type DC.[8]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Jones, Kenneth Glyn. Messier's nebulae and star clusters. The Practical Astronomy Handbook, Volume 2 2nd (Cambridge University Press). 1991: 139. ISBN 978-0-521-37079-0. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 [ M 34] 请检查|url=值 (帮助). SIMBAD. 斯特拉斯堡天文资料中心. [2009-09-03]. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Jones, B. F.; Prosser, Charles F. Membership of Stars in NGC 1039 (M34). Astronomical Journal. 1996, 111: 1193. Bibcode:1996AJ....111.1193J. doi:10.1086/117865. 
  4. ^ Frommert, Hartmut; Kronberg, Christine. Hodierna's Deep Sky Observations. 1998-02-08 [2009-09-03]. (原始内容存档于2011-03-04). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Irwin, Jonathan; et al. The Monitor project: rotation of low-mass stars in the open cluster M34. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 2006, 370 (2): 954–974. Bibcode:2006MNRAS.370..954I. arXiv:astro-ph/0605617可免费查阅. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10521.x. 
  6. ^ freestarcharts.com. Messier 34 - M34 - Open Cluster | freestarcharts.com. freestarcharts.com. [2018-10-25]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-21) (英国英语). 
  7. ^ Schuler, Simon C.; et al. Spectroscopic Abundances of Solar-Type Dwarfs in the Open Cluster M34 (NGC 1039). Astronomical Journal. 2003, 125 (4): 2085–2097 [2020-05-06]. Bibcode:2003AJ....125.2085S. doi:10.1086/373927可免费查阅. (原始内容存档于2017-09-22). 
  8. ^ Rubin, Kate H. R.; Williams, Kurtis A.; Bolte, M.; Koester, Detlev. The White Dwarf Population in NGC 1039 (M34) and the White Dwarf Initial-Final Mass Relation. Astronomical Journal. 2008, 135 (6): 2163–2176. Bibcode:2008AJ....135.2163R. arXiv:0805.3156可免费查阅. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/135/6/2163. 

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M34 (疏散星团)
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