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M30 (球状星团)

梅西耶30
哈伯太空望远镜拍摄的M30;视角3.5′。
Credit: NASA/STScI/WikiSky
观测数据(J2000 历元)
分类V[1]
星座摩羯座
赤经21h 40m 22.12s[2]
赤纬–23° 10′ 47.5″[2]
距离27.14 ± 0.65 kly(8.3 ± 0.20 kpc[3][4]
视星等 (V)+7.7[5]
视直径(V)12'.0
物理性质
Mass1.6×105[6] M
金属量–2.27[7] dex
估计年龄129.3 亿年[8]
其它名称M30、NGC 7099、GCl 122[5]

M30(也称为NGC 7099)是位于南天摩羯座的一个球状星团。它是法国天文学家梅西耶在1764年发现的,但他将它描述为一个没有恒星的圆形星云。在1880年代编辑的NGC天体表则将它描述为"显著的球形,明亮、巨大,略呈椭圆"。这个星团使用10×50的双筒望远镜就很容易看见[9],像是一个朦胧的光斑,直径大约4角秒宽,沿东西方向的轴稍长些[9]。使用口径更大的天文望远镜,可以解析出单颗的恒星,星团的范围扩大到12角秒,致密的核心大约是1角秒[10]。最适合观赏的时间是每年的8月[9]

M30与地球的距离大约是27,100光年[4],直径大约93光年[10]。估计它的年龄是129.3亿年[8],质量约是太阳的160,000倍[6]。这个星团的轨道穿过内银晕,并且是逆行的,这表明它是来自卫星星系,而不是在银河系内形成[8]。它目前与银河中心的距离大约是22.2 kly(6.8 kpc),与太阳的距离估计是26 kly(8.0 kpc)[11]

M30这个集团已经经历过核心崩溃的动态过程,现在集中在核心的质量大约是每立方秒差距100万太阳质量;这使它成为银河系中密度最高的区域之一。如此接近的恒星距离,使得这些恒星不仅有很高的比例是联星系,而且彼此间会因为质量的转换而形成蓝掉队星[3]。大规模的分异过程可能导致中心区域获得大比例的大质量恒星,从而产生颜色梯度,使星团中心的蓝色调增强[12]

显示M30位置的星图。

相关条目

外部链接

参考资料

  1. ^ Shapley, Harlow; Sawyer, Helen B., A Classification of Globular Clusters, Harvard College Observatory Bulletin, August 1927, 849 (849): 11–14, Bibcode:1927BHarO.849...11S. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Goldsbury, Ryan; et al, The ACS Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. X. New Determinations of Centers for 65 Clusters, The Astronomical Journal, December 2010, 140 (6): 1830–1837, Bibcode:2010AJ....140.1830G, arXiv:1008.2755可免费查阅, doi:10.1088/0004-6256/140/6/1830. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Lugger, Phyllis M.; et al, Chandra X-Ray Sources in the Collapsed-Core Globular Cluster M30 (NGC 7099), The Astrophysical Journal, March 2007, 657 (1): 286–301, Bibcode:2007ApJ...657..286L, arXiv:astro-ph/0606382可免费查阅, doi:10.1086/507572 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Kains, N.; et al, Estimating the parameters of globular cluster M 30 (NGC 7099) from time-series photometry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, July 2013, 555 (1): 36–50, Bibcode:2013A&A...555A..36K, arXiv:1305.3606可免费查阅, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321819 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 [ M 30] 请检查|url=值 (帮助). SIMBAD. 斯特拉斯堡天文资料中心. [2006-11-16]. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Vande Putte, D.; Cropper, Mark, Detecting the effect of globular cluster impacts on the disc of the Milky Way, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, January 2009, 392 (1): 113–124, Bibcode:2009MNRAS.392..113V, arXiv:0811.3106可免费查阅, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14072.x 
  7. ^ Boyles, J.; et al, Young Radio Pulsars in Galactic Globular Clusters, The Astrophysical Journal, November 2011, 742 (1): 51, Bibcode:2011ApJ...742...51B, arXiv:1108.4402可免费查阅, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/742/1/51. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Forbes, Duncan A.; Bridges, Terry, Accreted versus in situ Milky Way globular clusters, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, May 2010, 404 (3): 1203–1214, Bibcode:2010MNRAS.404.1203F, arXiv:1001.4289可免费查阅, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16373.x 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Bone, N. M., Sky notes, 2008 August & September, Journal of the British Astronomical Association, August 2008, 118 (4): 231–232, Bibcode:2008JBAA..118..231B 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 O'Meara, Stephen James, The Messier objects, Deep-sky companions, Cambridge University Press: 108, 1998, ISBN 0-521-55332-6 
  11. ^ Dinescu, Dana I.; et al, Space Velocities of Southern Globular Clusters. II. New Results for 10 Clusters, The Astronomical Journal, January 1999, 117 (1): 277–285, Bibcode:1999AJ....117..277D, doi:10.1086/300699 
  12. ^ Howell, Justin H.; Guhathakurta, Puragra; Tan, Amy, Radial Color Gradient and Main-Sequence Mass Segregation in M30 (NGC 7099), The Astronomical Journal, March 2000, 119 (3): 1259–1267, Bibcode:2000AJ....119.1259H, arXiv:astro-ph/9912002可免费查阅, doi:10.1086/301270 


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M30 (球状星团)
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