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向日葵星系

梅西耶63(Messier 63)
以450和814奈米成像的M63(NGC 5055)[1]
观测资料(J2000 历元
星座猎犬座
赤经13h 15m 49.27385s[2]
赤纬+42° 01′ 45.7261″[2]
红移484 km/s[3]
距离29.3 Mly(8.99 Mpc[4]
属于M51星系群
视星等 (V)9.3[3]
特征
类型SAbc[5]
角直径 (V)12′.6 × 7′.2[3]
其他名称
M63、NGC 5055、PGC 46153、UGC 8334[3]
参见:星系星系列表

M63梅西耶63,也称为NGC 5055或很少使用的向日葵星系[6],是在猎犬座的一个螺旋星系。M63最初是由法国天文学家皮埃尔·梅尚发现的,然后得到他的同事梅西耶在1779年6月14日予以证实[6]。这个星系被收录为梅西耶天体,序号为M63。在19世纪中叶,爱尔兰天文学家罗斯勋爵确定这星系的螺旋结构,使其成为最早被确定结构的星系之一[7]

性质

这个星系的型态分类是SAbc[5],表示它是螺旋星系,中心没有棒状结构并且螺旋臂的结构松散。这种在可见光中缺乏连续的大规模螺旋臂的螺旋星系称为"絮结螺旋星系"。然而,以近红外线观测时,有一个非常明显的对称双臂结构。每个臂环绕星系150°,并从核心延伸到13 kly(4 kpc)[8]

M63是一个具有低电离星系核活跃星系。这显示核心有未能解析的弥漫发射源被包覆着。后者沿着110°的位置角延伸,在几乎相同的方向上还有着软X射线的发射[9]。不确定核心是否存在着超大质量黑洞;如果有,则估计质量为(8.5±1.9)×108 M[10]

观察波长21公分的无线电波显示M63的气态盘向外延伸到40 kpc(130 kly),远远超过明亮的星系盘面。这些气体显示一种对称的型式,从半径10 kpc(33 kly)处开始有着明显的扭曲。这种形式表明星系的暗物质晕相对于内部区域被偏移。翘曲的原因尚不清楚,但位置角指向较小的伴星系UGC8313[11]

基于亮度的测量,M63的距离是8.99 Mpc(29.3 Mly)[4]。相对于本星系群径向速度估计距离是4.65 Mpc(15.2 Mly)[5]。基于塔利-费舍尔关系估算的距离范围是5.0—10.3 Mpc(16—34 Mly)。红巨星分支技术给出的距离是8.87 ± 0.29 Mpc(28.93 ± 0.95 Mly)[12]。M63是M51星系群的一部分,这一组星系群还包括M51(漩涡星系)[13]

在1971年,在M63的螺旋臂上出现一颗视星等11.8的超新星:SN 1971 I。它在1971年5月24日被发现,5月26日左右达到峰值光度[14]SN 1971 I的光谱与 I型超新星一致。然而,光谱的行为显得异常[15]

图集

参考资料

  1. ^ Morrow, Ashley (编), Hubble Sees a Galactic Sunflower, NASA, September 11, 2015 [2018-11-30], (原始内容存档于2016-11-14). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Brown, A. G. A.; Vallenari, A.; Prusti, T.; de Bruijne, J. H. J.; et al. Gaia Data Release 2. Summary of the contents and survey properties. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 2018. Bibcode:2018A&A...616A...1G. arXiv:1804.09365可免费查阅. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833051. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Results for NGC 5055. [2006-10-10]. (原始内容存档于2019-02-20). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Tully, R. Brent; et al, Cosmicflows-3, The Astronomical Journal, August 2016, 152 (2): 21, Bibcode:2016AJ....152...50T, arXiv:1605.01765可免费查阅, doi:10.3847/0004-6256/152/2/50, 50. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Ann, H. B.; et al, A Catalog of Visually Classified Galaxies in the Local (z ∼ 0.01) Universe, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 2015, 217 (2): 27–49, Bibcode:2015ApJS..217...27A, arXiv:1502.03545可免费查阅, doi:10.1088/0067-0049/217/2/27. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Garfinkle, Robert A., Star-Hopping: Your Visa to Viewing the Universe, Cambridge University Press: 258, 1997 [2019-02-20], ISBN 978-0521598897, (原始内容存档于2022-02-08). 
  7. ^ Jones, K. G., Messier's Nebulae and Star Clusters 2nd, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991, ISBN 978-0-521-37079-0. 
  8. ^ Thornley, Michele D., Uncovering Spiral Structure in Flocculent Galaxies, Astrophysical Journal Letters, September 1996, 469: L45, Bibcode:1996ApJ...469L..45T, arXiv:astro-ph/9607041可免费查阅, doi:10.1086/310250. 
  9. ^ Masegosa, J.; et al, The nature of nuclear Hα emission in LINERs, Astronomy & Astrophysics, March 2011, 527: 28, Bibcode:2011A&A...527A..23M, arXiv:1011.0865可免费查阅, doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201015047, A23. 
  10. ^ Graham, Alister W., Populating the Galaxy Velocity Dispersion - Supermassive Black Hole Mass Diagram: A Catalogue of (Mbh, σ) Values, Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, November 2008, 25 (4): 167–175, Bibcode:2008PASA...25..167G, arXiv:0807.2549可免费查阅, doi:10.1071/AS08013. 
  11. ^ Battaglia, G.; et al, ion{H}{i} study of the warped spiral galaxy NGC 5055: a disk/dark matter halo offset?, Astronomy and Astrophysics, February 2006, 447 (1): 49–62, Bibcode:2006A&A...447...49B, arXiv:astro-ph/0509382可免费查阅, doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20053210. 
  12. ^ McQuinn, Kristen. B. W.; et al, Accurate Distances to Important Spiral Galaxies: M63, M74, NGC 1291, NGC 4559, NGC 4625, and NGC 5398, The Astronomical Journal, August 2017, 154 (2): 13, Bibcode:2017AJ....154...51M, arXiv:1706.06586可免费查阅, doi:10.3847/1538-3881/aa7aad, 51. 
  13. ^ Tikhonov, N. A.; et al, Stellar content of the interacting galaxies of the M51 system, Astronomy Letters, September 2009, 35 (9): 599–608, Bibcode:2009AstL...35..599T, doi:10.1134/S1063773709090035. 
  14. ^ Barbon, R.; et al, Observations of five supernovae 1970-71, Memorie della Società Astronomia Italiana, 1973, 44: 65, Bibcode:1973MmSAI..44...65B. 
  15. ^ Deming, Drake; et al, The Light Curve of Supernova 1971 I, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, June 1973, 85 (505): 321, Bibcode:1973PASP...85..321D, doi:10.1086/129462 
  16. ^ A galactic sunflower. [8 September 2015]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-02). 

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向日葵星系
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