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罗斯贝数

罗斯贝数Rossby number,简称Ro)也称为罗士比数,得名自美国气象学家卡尔-古斯塔夫·罗斯贝,是一个有关流体流动的无因次量。罗斯贝数是纳维-斯托克斯方程中,惯性力()及科里奥利力)的比值[1][2]。罗斯贝数可用来描述行星旋转过程中,科里奥利力的影响程度,常用在如海洋及地球大气等有关地球物理学的现象中。罗斯贝数也称为基贝尔数(Kibel number)[3]

定义与理论

罗斯贝数(Ro,不是)可定义如下:

其中UL分别是此现象的特征速度及特征长度,f = 2 Ω sin φ为科里奥利频率,其中Ω为行星旋转的角速度,而φ为纬度

小的罗斯贝数表示一系统主要是由科里奥利力所影响,而大的罗斯贝数表示一系统是由惯性力及向心力所影响。例如,龙卷风的罗斯贝数很大(≈ 103),低气压的罗斯贝数很小(≈ 0.1 – 1),在海洋系统中罗斯贝数的数量级变化范围是由10−2到102[4]。因此,在分析龙卷风时科里奥利力可忽略,而压强及向心力彼此平衡(称为旋转平衡)[5][6]。在热带气旋风眼附近也有类似的平衡[7]。在低气压中可忽略向心力,科里奥利力和压强平衡。在海洋系统中向心力,科里奥利力和压强互相平衡[6]。在参考资料[8]中有有关大气及海洋运动的时间及大小尺度的示意图。

当罗斯贝数数值较大时(可能是因为f很小,例如在热带或低纬度地区,或是因为L很小,例如马桶排水产生的漩涡,或者是速度较快),行星旋转的影响很小,可以省略。当罗斯贝数数值较小时,行星旋转的影响很大,可以使用地转近似的方式进行分析[9]

参考文献

  1. ^ M. B. Abbott & W. Alan Price. Coastal, Estuarial, and Harbour Engineers' Reference Book. Taylor & Francis. 1994: 16 [2011-11-13]. ISBN 0419154302. (原始内容存档于2017-04-27). 
  2. ^ Pronab K Banerjee. Oceanography for beginners. Mumbai, India: Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 2004: 98 [2011-11-13]. ISBN 8177646532. (原始内容存档于2014-07-02). 
  3. ^ B. M. Boubnov, G. S. Golitsyn. Convection in Rotating Fluids. Springer. 1995: 8 [2011-11-13]. ISBN 0792333713. (原始内容存档于2021-02-08). 
  4. ^ Lakshmi H. Kantha & Carol Anne Clayson. Numerical Models of Oceans and Oceanic Processes. Academic Press. 2000. Table 1.5.1, p. 56 [2011-11-13]. ISBN 0124340687. (原始内容存档于2021-03-18). 
  5. ^ James R. Holton. An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology. Academic Press. 2004: 64 [2011-11-13]. ISBN 0123540151. (原始内容存档于2014-07-02). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Lakshmi H. Kantha & Carol Anne Clayson. p. 103. 2000 [2011-11-13]. ISBN 0124340687. (原始内容存档于2016-07-29). 
  7. ^ John A. Adam. Mathematics in Nature: Modeling Patterns in the Natural World. Princeton University Press. 2003: 135. ISBN 0691114293. 
  8. ^ Lakshmi H. Kantha & Carol Anne Clayson. Figure 1.5.1 p. 55. 2000 [2011-11-13]. ISBN 0124340687. (原始内容存档于2021-03-18). 
  9. ^ Roger Graham Barry & Richard J. Chorley. Atmosphere, Weather and Climate. Routledge. 2003: 115 [2011-11-13]. ISBN 0415271711. (原始内容存档于2014-11-01). 

延伸阅读

有关罗斯贝数的数值分析及其应用,请参考:

有关美国罗斯贝数的历史资料,请参考:

参见

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罗斯贝数
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